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Started serial production of phase memory

29.07.2012

Micron Technology announced that it was the first in the world to start mass production of phase memory for mobile devices. The company has launched multi-chip modules containing a 1 Gbit (128 MB) Phase Change Memory (PCM) chip and a 2 Mbit (512 MB) LPDDR64 memory chip. The vendor did not specify the volume of release and cost. These solutions are designed for use in mobile phones with enhanced functionality. In the future, Micron plans to introduce phase memory for smartphones and tablets.

The principle of operation of phase memory is to change the state of a substance from amorphous to crystalline and vice versa by thermal action, carried out using an electric current (for comparison, in modern flash memory, data is stored in the form of electric charges).

As Micron's press office explained, phase memory offers reduced electronic device boot time, higher performance and simplifies the software development process compared to existing memory. It also consumes less power and is extremely reliable. Micron's new modules are manufactured using 45nm technology and conform to the standards of JEDEC, an independent organization that standardizes computer memory.

Micron is a global supplier of volatile and non-volatile memory for consumer phones, smartphones, tablets and other devices. The company produces integrated memory such as NOR, NAND, PCM, LPDRAM and e-MMC, striving to meet the regularly emerging new needs of the electronics industry.

In 2006, Micron entered into a joint venture with Intel. It is called IM Flash Technologies and also develops and manufactures computer memory. Intel is one company that is also showing interest in phase change memory. In addition to Micron and Intel, IBM, Samsung, Numonyx and others are developing in this direction.

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Periodic vibrations of an unknown nature found inside neutrons 14.11.2021

Scientists working with China's BEC-II particle accelerator have found evidence that periodic oscillations of an unknown nature exist within neutrons.

The measurements showed that the electromagnetic structure of the neutron changes in a periodic manner. Something similar was previously recorded for protons. Subsequent experiments and theoretical calculations will help us understand how these oscillations arise and what role they play in the structure of nucleons.

Almost all elementary particles are made up of small objects that physicists call quarks and gluons. There are three quarks in protons, neutrons and other "heavy" baryon particles. Their smaller "brothers" - mesons - consist of two similar components, one of which is an antiquark, the basic component of antimatter.

Scientists have long been trying to understand how quarks are distributed inside protons, neutrons and other particles, as well as to study how they interact with each other and with the "sea" of virtual quarks, continuously appearing and disappearing at any point in space. All of these interactions, as scientists suggest, affect the structure of particles, their size, mass and other properties, the results of measurements of which sometimes do not coincide with theoretical predictions.

Physicists led by Professor Yuan Changzheng of the Institute of High Energy Physics (China) discovered an unusual property of neutrons while studying their structure at the BEC-II particle accelerator. Scientists collided beams of electrons and positrons and observed the formation of pairs of neutrons and antineutrons, which periodically arise as a result of the interaction of particles of matter and antimatter. The speed, energy and direction of motion of the neutrons and antineutrons generated by them depend on their internal structure, which was used by physicists for ultra-precise measurements of the distribution of quarks inside these particles.

The researchers have been observing collisions of electrons and positrons for several years, which allowed them to improve the accuracy of measurements of the structure of neutrons by about 60 times compared to previous experiments. The improvement in the quality of the data has revealed a curious phenomenon that physicists have already encountered several years ago when studying the structure of protons.

Back in 2013, scientists working with the BaBar installation discovered evidence that there are some fluctuations inside protons that affect the nature of the charge distribution inside it. The exact nature of this phenomenon is still a mystery to physicists, since the existence of these oscillations is not predicted by any theory describing the interactions of quarks.

Something similar, as Yuan Changzheng and his colleagues found out, occurs inside neutrons, and the oscillations inside them turned out to be opposite in phase compared to their counterpart inside protons. As the scientists hope, subsequent experiments on BES-II and other particle accelerators will help to reveal the nature of these oscillations and understand what role they can play in the behavior of neutrons and protons.

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