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Mold free space uneasy

05.07.2012

A well-known hypothesis called panspermia states that life can be transported from planet to planet and even between neighboring star systems by microorganisms traveling on asteroids. True, for this it is necessary that microorganisms can withstand the harsh conditions of space for a very long time - cold, vacuum, radiation, etc.

It turns out that on Earth there are microorganisms that can exist in such conditions for at least a year. This was proven by the Expose-E experiment carried out on the ISS, the results of which were published in a special issue of the Astrobiology Journal.

The experiment began in February 2008, when a specially equipped container the size of a diplomat with many compartments was sent to the ISS, which contained complex organic mixtures and various microorganisms - bacteria, seeds, molds and algae. In total, 664 biological and biochemical samples "arrived" on the ISS. The container was exposed outside the European module of the station and for 18 months many microorganisms and mixtures contained in it existed in outer space, exposed to vacuum, solar ultraviolet radiation, cosmic ray radiation and frequent temperature changes. For the remaining samples in closed compartments, the conditions that exist on the surface of Mars were recreated.

In 2009, the contents of the container returned to Earth and were subjected to a thorough examination. Scientists have found that the mold Xanthoria elegans, collected for an experiment in the mountains of Spain, survived the space travel best of all. In space, she fell into hibernation, waiting for more favorable conditions, and, returning to Earth, began to grow again. In a vacuum, the water in it immediately evaporated, the deadly ultraviolet of the Sun did not kill it, and even the X-ray and gamma radiation of cosmic rays, which destroy DNA and introduce many mutations into it, did not bring visible harm to it. Biologist René Demetz of the European Space Agency, who participated in the experiment, said that the survival rate of the Xanthoria elegans mold has no equal on Earth.

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