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Liquid with piezoelectric effect

11.04.2023

American scientists have discovered a liquid that turns mechanical force into an electrical charge.

Michigan State University researchers have described the first known liquid to act as a piezoelectric material. It converts pressure into electricity and vice versa. It was believed that only rigid bodies possess such properties. The discovery may create a new direction in optics and hydraulics.

Physicists have found extraordinary characteristics by working with ionic liquids. These are salts that remain liquid at unusually low temperatures (the lower boiling point of water). Composed only of positively and negatively charged ions, the material is a viscous structure that resembles machine oil or maple syrup.

The study showed that when ionic liquids were placed in a cylinder and compressed by a piston, they generated electricity proportional to the applied force. Scientists also found the opposite effect: the optical properties of ionic liquids changed under the influence of an electric current. For example, when the researchers placed these liquids in a lens-shaped container, they found that an electrical charge could change the focal length.

Piezoelectricity has been known to scientists since the XNUMXth century, but all traditional research has studied only rigid bodies. They emit electricity under pressure, and under the influence of electricity they can change shape. Physicists do not yet understand how the piezoelectric effect occurs in ionic liquids. They will continue research to uncover the nature of this phenomenon.

Regardless of the result, the researchers believe that the new properties of ionic liquids can be used to create new applications: optical and hydraulic devices controlled by electricity. In addition, harmless liquids can replace toxic classical lead piezoelectrics.

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