Quiet fan. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Ham Radio Technologies

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Here a car drove past you - in it the fan cools the engine. You went into the store - there in winter a warm stream of air met you at the door, and in summer a cool breeze blew from the ceiling. It's all the work of a fan. He - and in refrigeration units, and air conditioners. It cools various radio and electronic equipment, helps us at home.

All the fans that you could see must have seemed very simple to you. After all, it is not difficult to make two or three curved shoulder blades. And yet, if they are done incorrectly, then the fan will immediately become bad: it will drive less air and work noisily.

A few years ago, engineers from the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI) developed a blade shape that makes the fan quiet. The impeller - the impeller is very easy to manufacture. It is made from sheet material. The metal sheet is convenient both in the manual manufacture of parts and in industrial production. It is easily punched and stamped.

You can make such a fan for room air conditioners, for window and table fans, for cooling or heating various equipment.

Here is a general view of the TsAGI low-noise fan (see Fig. 1). It consists of an electric motor, a housing and an impeller (impeller). The fan can be made without a case. But then it will not give such a powerful air flow. The fan diameter can be up to 400 mm.

If you have an electric motor and you know its maximum speed, then according to the graph (Fig. 2), it is easy for you to determine what maximum diameter you can make a fan.

So, you have decided to make a fan. Keep in mind that the noise of the entire installation is made up of the noise of the motor and the impeller. So if you want a quiet fan, then choose a quiet electric motor.

The fan impeller is made of metal, duralumin or steel sheet. The thickness of the sheet is selected depending on the diameter of the impeller in the range of 0,5-2 mm. The larger the diameter of the impeller, the thicker the sheet should be taken.

First, unfold the impeller. The dimensions of this sweep are shown in Figure 3. Here, the numbers indicate not millimeters, but fractions of the radius of the impeller blade. To obtain dimensions in millimeters, multiply the indicated figures by the selected radius of the fan impeller. Then give the blades of the impeller the desired profile - knock them out on a blank. Make a blank from hardwood according to the dimensions indicated in Figure 4. Here, the dimensions are also given in fractions of the radius of the impeller.

How to get such a blank? It is processed in three curved patterns. These templates are made from flat templates (Figure 5). You will find the bending radii of bent templates and the dimensions of flat templates in the table. Bent templates check the correctness of the manufacture of the blank in three sections II, II-II, III-III. Align the ends of the template arc with the corresponding vertical marks on the sides of the blank. Make sure that the axial risks on the templates and the blank are located in the same plane. Templates are easiest to make from tin. But any metal or plastic sheet will do, only the working edge of the templates must be made no thicker than 0,5 mm.

The working surface of the blank should be smooth and smooth. To do this, it must be thoroughly cycled and cleaned with sandpaper. Only after that it is possible to knock out the blades of the fan impeller on it. To prevent the impeller blank from moving during the drift, nail it in the center to the blank. And to increase the rigidity of the blades, after knocking them out at the root of the blade along the axis, make small indentations - ridges.

The sleeve for landing the impeller on the motor axis is machined on a lathe, or made manually as shown in Figure 6. The impeller with the sleeve are connected with rivets or screws.

When the fan impeller is assembled, be sure to balance it statically.

We have already said above that the fan can be made with or without a case. Figure 1 shows one possible design with a housing. Other designs are also possible.

Author: A.Krivomlin, engineer

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