Radio control system for toys. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Radio control equipment

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Basic technical data

The radio control system allows you to remotely control the toy at a distance of up to 10 meters.
The operating frequency of the transmitter is 27,12 MHz.
The transmitter power is within 4-10 mW.
The current consumption of the transmitter is not more than 20 mA.
The weight of the transmitter with antenna and power supply is not more than 150 g.
The sensitivity of the receiver in the operating frequency band is not worse than 100 μV.
The current consumption of the receiver is not more than 20 mA.
The weight of the receiver is not more than 70 g.
The command device provides the execution of four different commands, which are repeated periodically.
The weight of the command device is not more than 70 g.
The receiver and transmitter are powered by Krona-VTs batteries.

Principle of operation

The transmitter consists of a modulator and a high frequency generator (Fig. 1). The transmitter modulator is a symmetrical multivibrator assembled on low-frequency transistors VT2 and VT3 of the MP40 type.

Ris.1

The high-frequency generator is assembled on a transistor VT1 type P416 according to a capacitive feedback circuit. When the VT2 modulator transistor is open, the generator circuit closes to the plus of the battery, the generator is excited at the operating frequency, a high-frequency signal is emitted by the antenna.

The receiver consists of a high frequency stage, a low frequency amplifier and an electronic relay.

The high-frequency cascade of the receiver is a super-regenerator. The super-regenerator is assembled on a high-frequency transistor VT1 of type P416 (Fig. 2).

Fig.2 (click to enlarge)

In the absence of a signal on the emitter chain C5 R3, oscillations in the quenching frequency are observed. The damping frequency determines the sensitivity of the super-regenerator at its operating frequency and is selected by elements C5, R3.

The command signal of the transmitter is selected by the L1-C4 circuit, amplified and detected by the super-regenerator. The R4-C8 filter passes the low-frequency command signal to the input of the VT2 amplifier, while separating the higher-order damping frequency.

The electronic relay is assembled on transistors VT3-VT4 of the MP40 type, the collector of the transistor VT4 is connected to the executive relay KR of the RSM-1 type.

The low-frequency voltage of the command signal is amplified by transistors VT3-VT4 and fed through the capacitor C13 to the rectifier cell UD1, UDZ.

The rectified voltage through the resistor R9 is supplied to the base of the transistor VT3. In this case, the emitter current of the transistor VT3 increases sharply, the transistor VT4 opens. The relay is activated, closing the power supply circuit of the command device motor.

The command device consists of an electric motor, a ratchet mechanism, a program disk and distributive sliding contacts. The program disk, the side of which is a system of jumpers, switches the power supply of the drive motors and other electrical elements of the toy through distribution sliding contacts.

Description of the electrical circuit of a radio-controlled toy

The diagram (Fig. 3) shows one of the options for the electrical equipment of a radio-controlled toy.

The toy has two drive motors that provide forward movement and turns left and right. The rear light bulbs of the toy serve as turn signals. Two headlights create the effect of illuminating the path of the toy.

Ris.3

To receive command signals from the transmitter, a receiver and a command device are built into the toy. The engine of the drive and the command device, as well as the light bulbs, are powered by two series-connected batteries of the 3336L (U) (GB1) type. The receiver is powered by a battery "Krona-VTs" (GB2). To turn off the battery, a two-pole switch S is used. When a command signal is received from the transmitter, the relay KR, the receiver is activated and, with its contacts, turns on the electric motor of the command device (Fig. 4) M3.

Fig.4. Command apparatus

The M3 motor rotates the program dial by 30° using a ratchet mechanism, which corresponds to switching one command.

The program disk through the distribution sliding contacts turns on the electric motors of the drive and the light bulbs of the toy as follows:

In the "forward" position, contacts 1, 2, 3, 4 are closed, while the engines M1 and M2 are turned on, as well as the bulbs H1, H2, H3, H4.

In the "right" position, contacts 1, 2 are closed, while the engine M1 and the light bulb H3 are turned on.

In the "stop" position, all contacts are open.

In the "left" position, contacts 1, 3 are closed, while the engine M2 and the light bulb H4 are turned on.

Teams change periodically. The diagram shows the sequence of commands in one cycle.

Instructions for installation and commissioning of the system

It is desirable to place the receiver in the toy at the maximum distance from the email. motors and electromagnets. To protect the receiver from interference generated by electric motors, it is recommended to connect electrolytic capacitors 10-20 uF with an operating voltage of 10-12 volts in parallel with the electric motors, observing the polarity of the connection. An antenna must be connected to the receiver. A pin or wire with a diameter of 1,0-2,0 mm and a length of at least 20 cm can be used as an antenna. The antenna must be isolated from the body of the toy. As insulators, parts made of ceramics, fluoroplastic, plexiglass or polystyrene can be used. With an increase in the length of the antenna, the control range increases. The receiver must be covered with an insulating material to protect it from dust and moisture. The distance from the printed circuit board to the base on which the receiver is mounted must be at least 5 mm.

The location of the elements on the printed circuit board is shown in Fig.5.

After installing the electrical circuit and checking the performance (the switching order is indicated below), it is necessary to adjust the receiver to maximum sensitivity. The adjustment is made using capacitor C4 (see schematic diagram and drawing of the receiver). By turning the capacitor rotor with an insulating screwdriver, it is necessary to find the position at which the relay is activated when the toy is removed from the transmitter as far as possible.

The command apparatus is fixed on a horizontal platform with the help of paws.

Publication: N. Bolshakov, rf.atnn.ru

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