Capacitors

Free technical library

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrician

Annex 3. Standards for testing electrical equipment and apparatus for electrical installations of consumers

Capacitors

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (PTE)

Comments on the article

K, T - are produced within the time limits established by the PPR system.

Name of the test	Type of test	Test norms	Directions
4.1. Checking the Condition of the Capacitor	Т	Performed by external inspection. There should be no leakage of impregnating liquid, damage to insulators, overall dimensions must correspond to those specified in the manufacturer's instructions	Capacitors that have an irreparable capillary leak, damage to the insulators, or an increase in overall dimensions beyond those specified in the factory instructions are removed from service.
4.2. Insulation resistance measurement	Т	The insulation resistance between the terminals and the housing must correspond to the factory instructions	Produced by a megohmmeter for a voltage of 2500 V
4.3. Power frequency surge test j	К	The value and duration of application of the test voltage are established by factory instructions. In the absence of instructions from manufacturers, test voltages of capacitors to increase cosj are taken according to table. 8 (Appendix 3.1), for coupling capacitors according to table. 5(Appendix 3.1). The power frequency voltage test may be replaced by a one minute double voltage rectified voltage test.	The insulation relative to the housing is tested with the capacitor leads shorted. Capacitors that have one terminal connected to the housing are not tested.
4.4. Measuring the capacitance of a single element	K, T	The measured capacity must differ from the passport data by more than: by ± 10% - capacitors in installations for increasing power factor, capacitors in installations for longitudinal compensation and capacitors in installations for surge protection; by ± 5% - coupling capacitors, power take-offs and dividing capacitors If the results of thermal imaging control are satisfactory, capacitance measurement is not necessary	Produced at a temperature of (15 - 35) °C When monitoring capacitors under operating voltage, their condition is assessed by comparing the measured values of the capacitive current or voltage of the capacitor with the original data or values obtained for capacitors of other phases (connections)
4.5. Measurement of the dielectric loss tangent	К	The measured tgδ value should not exceed 0,8% (at a temperature of 20°C)	Measurements are made on coupling capacitors, power take-offs and voltage dividers
4.7. Thermal imaging control	М	Produced in accordance with established standards and manufacturer's instructions

See other articles Section Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (PTE).

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The world's tallest astronomical observatory opened 04.05.2024

Exploring space and its mysteries is a task that attracts the attention of astronomers from all over the world. In the fresh air of the high mountains, far from city light pollution, the stars and planets reveal their secrets with greater clarity. A new page is opening in the history of astronomy with the opening of the world's highest astronomical observatory - the Atacama Observatory of the University of Tokyo. The Atacama Observatory, located at an altitude of 5640 meters above sea level, opens up new opportunities for astronomers in the study of space. This site has become the highest location for a ground-based telescope, providing researchers with a unique tool for studying infrared waves in the Universe. Although the high altitude location provides clearer skies and less interference from the atmosphere, building an observatory on a high mountain poses enormous difficulties and challenges. However, despite the difficulties, the new observatory opens up broad research prospects for astronomers. ... >>

Controlling objects using air currents 04.05.2024

The development of robotics continues to open up new prospects for us in the field of automation and control of various objects. Recently, Finnish scientists presented an innovative approach to controlling humanoid robots using air currents. This method promises to revolutionize the way objects are manipulated and open new horizons in the field of robotics. The idea of controlling objects using air currents is not new, but until recently, implementing such concepts remained a challenge. Finnish researchers have developed an innovative method that allows robots to manipulate objects using special air jets as "air fingers". The air flow control algorithm, developed by a team of specialists, is based on a thorough study of the movement of objects in the air flow. The air jet control system, carried out using special motors, allows you to direct objects without resorting to physical ... >>

Purebred dogs get sick no more often than purebred dogs 03.05.2024

Caring for the health of our pets is an important aspect of the life of every dog owner. However, there is a common assumption that purebred dogs are more susceptible to diseases compared to mixed dogs. New research led by researchers at the Texas School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences brings new perspective to this question. A study conducted by the Dog Aging Project (DAP) of more than 27 companion dogs found that purebred and mixed dogs were generally equally likely to experience various diseases. Although some breeds may be more susceptible to certain diseases, the overall diagnosis rate is virtually the same between both groups. The Dog Aging Project's chief veterinarian, Dr. Keith Creevy, notes that there are several well-known diseases that are more common in certain breeds of dogs, which supports the notion that purebred dogs are more susceptible to disease. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Multicolored photons 25.07.2017

Despite the huge amount of research in the field of quantum computing, universal quantum computers continue to be a purely theoretical concept. Let us remind our readers that the basis of any quantum computer or communication system is quantum bits called qubits. Qubits differ from traditional bits in that, in addition to the two basic states, 1 or 0, they can be in a third state - in a state of superposition, when the value of a qubit is both 1 and 0. This, in turn, allows using one qubit to perform two parallel computing operations.

The connection of individual qubits into a computing system is carried out using the phenomenon of quantum entanglement. At the same time, a system of two qubits is already capable of performing four parallel operations, and a system of three qubits is capable of performing eight. And a system with dozens of qubits is capable of computing much faster than traditional computers.

However, the state of superposition and the phenomenon of quantum entanglement are extremely fragile things that are destroyed at the slightest impact on them from the outside. And scientists from the Institute INRS (Institut national de la recherche scientifique), Canada, have proposed a very interesting and promising alternative to qubits - multidimensional quantum bits (quDit), based on the use of "colorful" photons of light. Moreover, these researchers created a quantum chip on which two quDits were created, with the help of which research was carried out on this new quantum technology.

An optical cavity is located on the surface of the quantum chip, into which two entangled photons of light are launched. Each of the photons can have 10 basic quantum states determined by its wavelength (color) and be in a state of superposition, in which it can be red AND green AND blue AND yellow at the same time. These colors were given conditionally, since infrared photons were used in practice.

Thus, each of the "colorful" photons is capable of being in 100 different states, and a system of two such photons, quDits, is equivalent in performance (the number of parallel operations performed by it) to a system with 12 classical qubits entangled with each other. "For the first time, we have managed to obtain a multidimensional quantum state in a fairly simple way," says Michael Kues, lead researcher. "And our next task will be to use such a multidimensional quantum system to perform practical calculations."

Other interesting news:

▪ The danger of e-waste

▪ MAX17558 Dual Channel 60V DC-DC Buck Controller

▪ Biggest fish

▪ Micron 9300 Solid State Drives

▪ Milk clothes

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Visual illusions. Article selection

▪ article Methods of carrying out artificial respiration and external heart massage. Occupational Safety and Health

▪ article Which jellyfish are theoretically immortal? Detailed answer

▪ Passiflora article. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Broadband television antenna for UHF. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Electrical installations in hazardous areas. Electrical apparatus and devices. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews