Economical motor speed stabilizer. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electric motors
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There are many installations where it is necessary to very accurately maintain the speed of rotation of electric motors - high-quality tape recorders (including video), precision machine tools, scientific instruments ... But as soon as the voltage in the network or the load on the motor shaft changes, its quantity also changes. revolutions. To prevent this from happening, increase the supply voltage. This is necessary for that. so that at high loads it is obviously enough, and at small loads, the "excess" voltage is simply extinguished on the power transistor of the automatic electronic stabilizer, thus maintaining the set rotation speed of the DC motor.
It would seem that it is small, only half a finger, a detail, and the power dissipated on it. not so significant. However, on millions of such elements throughout the country, a lot of energy literally goes into the air (that is, it goes to heat transistors).
But what if we do without increased voltage to power the motor, but simply turn it off for a very short time - say, hundredths of a second? He will not have time to stop - he will rotate by inertia. If the speed has increased (with a decrease in load), then the duration of the pause will automatically increase, and vice versa. Then the energy consumption will be sharply reduced - it is not "extinguished" anywhere, the load is only temporarily disconnected from the power source. However, making such a "switch" is not easy. Moreover, at the time of engine spin-up, its current is high and the voltage of the power source can "sit down".
Unlike similar devices, the proposed stabilizer always maintains a constant ratio between the load current and the base current of the power transistor through which the electric motor is powered (the greater the load current, the greater the base current). This became possible due to the use of a unipolar (field) transistor here - one in which the current is created by the movement of only one "sort" of charge carriers, and not by electrons and "holes", as in bipolar transistors. And the stabilizer turned out to be much simpler in structure, consumes less energy, it uses cheaper low-power transistors. And its efficiency at the calculated load reaches 96-97%. The design of the device is recognized as an invention (AS 903830).
Author: V.Biryulin
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