Optosimistorny switch of powerful loading, 220 volts 40 amperes. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Optosimistorny switch of powerful loading, 220 volts 40 amperes. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Clocks, timers, relays, load switches

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Sometimes in the practice of a radio amateur there are problems associated with switching powerful network loads. Examples are phase switching units for reversing three-phase electric motors, starting devices for various machine tools, water heaters, etc. According to some technical characteristics, electromechanical switches no longer meet modern requirements.

Optosimistor switches allow to solve such problems. The switch is controlled, as a rule, with the help of low-power opto-triacs, which include powerful thyristors. A diagram of one of the options for such a switch, designed for several independent loads, is shown in Fig. 1. A constant voltage of 4,6 V is applied to the control input. The maximum control current of one channel is up to 30 mA. The maximum current of the control electrode of the powerful VTA41-800A triac is 50 mA, and the load current can reach 40 A.

Rice. 1 (click to enlarge)

The number of switch channels is limited only by the capabilities of the control voltage source. The HL1 LED indicates that the channel is on, and HL2 indicates whether the load is connected to the channel, and whether the powerful triac VS1 is working.

The optotriac switch has a number of advantages over mechanical switches. The presence of galvanic isolation between the low-voltage control circuit and network circuits ensures the electrical safety of using the device and the possibility of remote control, including using a computer. There are no restrictions on the configuration of switched loads. The device can be easily adapted to work with loads of different capacities.

The source of the control voltage can be a simple power supply, assembled according to the circuit in Fig. 2. To control, the outputs 2 of all channels are combined into a common wire, and the outputs 1 are connected to the power supply each in series with the toggle switch. By switching the toggle switches, mains voltage is supplied to one or another load. Toggle switches are suitable for any, up to low-power ones. VDM1-08.

Optotriac high load switch, 220 volts 40 amps
Fig. 2

The control voltage source can be made from any unstabilized network adapter by adding a stabilization circuit - a resistor R1 and a zener diode VD5. The voltage of the winding II of the transformer T1 can be in the range of 7 ... 15 V, it is only required to ensure the optimal current through the zener diode VD5 by selecting the resistor R1.

Optotriacs can be used in the switch. MOS3040-MOS3042, MOS3060-MOS3063 (maximum control voltage - 6 V, control current - from 5 to 30 mA, depending on the type). Instead of VTA41-800V, depending on the specific load, powerful triacs VTA12-600 (current - up to 12 A), VTA41-800 and. VTA41-600 (40 A) with any letter indices or domestic series TS 122 (20 and 25 A), TS132 (40 and 50 A), TS142 (63 and 80 A) for a voltage of at least 600 V. KD522A diodes can be replaced by any of series KD521 and KD522, as well as imported 1N4148.

Author: Gadzhiev G.

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