Computer power supply in amateur radio designs. Scheme, description

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Computer power supply in amateur radio designs. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Power Supplies

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Power supplies for personal computers such as ATX are powerful, stable, built according to impulse circuits, made in the form of a ready-made unit in a metal case, with a radiator and fan, they are light in weight. In addition, it is often possible to purchase a block from the disassembly of an obsolete computer for very cheap or even almost for nothing, and the price of a new block is not so high. Therefore, it is very tempting to use personal computer power supplies in amateur radio designs. For example, from a 400-watt unit on the + 12V bus, you can very well power a fairly powerful car transceiver in stationary conditions.

So, the ATX lithium block is a metal box with a wiring harness and a panel with a socket for connecting a power cord. This panel sometimes has a mains power switch or a connector for connecting the monitor's power cord.

The wires in the harness are routed to four-pin connectors and one 20-pin connector. There may be other additional connectors. The flat 4-pin connectors have red, black and yellow wires. Red is +5V, black is common wire, yellow is +12V.

The 20-pin connector also has other wires. Blue -12V, white -5V, orange and brown +3,3V, magenta +5VSB for standby power. It has voltage when the power supply is turned off in standby mode, as well as other wires for communicating with the motherboard of a personal computer.

The ATX power supply can also work outside the computer. But when you turn it on, the voltage will be only on the raspberry wire + 5VSB (standby power). To enable the ATX block in working condition, you need to start it. To do this, there is a green wire on the 20-pin connector (in the diagram, the PS-ON point). This wire must be shorted to a common one, that is, to almost any black wire (there is one in the adjacent pin of the 20-pin connector). In this case, the unit starts up and can be used to power something non-computer.

It should be noted that some ATX units, such as COMPAQ, require the PS-ON wire to be shorted to + 5VSB of the standby source to turn on. In general, start by shorting to common. If the unit does not turn on, try connecting the PS-ON to the standby + 5VSB.

It is highly undesirable to turn on the power supply without load. Load at least the +5 V circuit (red wire) with something.

As for the output currents, this is usually written on a paper sticker on the case. Depending on the power of the power supply, the current in the +5 V circuit can be up to 50 A, in the +12 V circuit up to 20 A. The currents in the negative voltage circuits are small.

In very old computers, AT power supplies were used, they differ from ATX in the absence of +3,3 V and standby + 5VSB circuits, as well as the lack of standby mode, and the fact that they have a "large connector" not 20-pin, but either 12 -contact, or consists of two 6-pin connectors. In terms of wire colors, in general, the same thing. To turn on the AT unit, you only need to apply mains voltage. At the same time, it should be taken into account that a conventional power switch is used there to turn off, which is installed on the front panel of the personal computer system unit and connected to the power supply unit with a four-wire cable in an insulating PVC tube. If there is such a cable, but the switch does not hang on it, then the switch needs to be connected or simply bridged the wires so that the voltage from the network connector is supplied to the block circuit (it’s not difficult to figure it out). Typical ATX and AT block diagrams are shown in the figures.

Computer power supply in amateur radio designs
Rice. 1. Connector pinout

Rice. 2. Typical circuit of a 200-watt ATX power supply (click to enlarge)

Fig.3. Typical AT power supply circuit

Author: Andreev S.

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