Adjustable current stabilizer, 16 volts 7 amps. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Adjustable current stabilizer, 16 volts 7 amps. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells

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When charging car batteries, it is recommended to keep the average charging current at a constant level. Usually, a transistor is used as a regulating element in current stabilizers, but during operation, a lot of power is dissipated on it, and therefore bulky heat sinks have to be used. The efficiency of such devices is very low. A similar device with higher efficiency is described below. The schematic diagram of the device is shown in fig. 3.9.

(click to enlarge)

Main technical characteristics:

Maximum load current, A ..... 7;
Maximum voltage at the load, V ..... 16;
Load current stabilization factor, not less than.....200;
Efficiency, %, not less than.....70.

The current stabilization function is performed by the node on the op-amp DA1. The resistor R11 serves as a current sensor, the voltage taken from this resistor is proportional to the load current. Through the resistor R13, it is connected to the non-inverting input of the op-amp.

If for some reason the current through the load has increased, then the voltage at the non-inverting input of the op-amp also increases. This leads to a corresponding increase in voltage at the base of the transistor VT5 and an increase in the opening angle of the trinistor VS1 - the current through the load decreases. Thus, negative feedback on the load current maintains the load current at a given level. Capacitors C5, C7 smooth out the voltage ripple at the output. Resistors R12, R16 provide a small negative voltage to the inverting input of the op-amp in the lower position of the resistor R15 engine according to the diagram. This allows you to adjust the load current almost from zero. Capacitor C6 increases the stability of the operation of the op-amp. The elements of the device are powered by two stabilizers (VD9, VTI and VD12, R3).

In the OA device, K140UD1B can be replaced by K140UD5, K140UD6, K140UD7, K153UD2 (with the appropriate correction circuit); transistor KT801B - on any of the series KT603, KT608, KT801, KT807. KT815; KT315V - on KT312, KT315, KT316, KT201; KT814B - on KT814, KT816. Diodes VD5...VD8 - D305; they can be replaced by any of the D242 ... D248 series, but in this case the power dissipated on each diode will increase and the dimensions of the heat sinks will have to be increased. Ammeter RA1 - M5-2 with a full deflection current of the needle 10 A.

Transformer T1 is made on a tape magnetic circuit ShL25x32. Winding I contains 1100 turns of wire PEV-2-0,57; winding II - 160 turns of wire PEV-2-0,21 with a tap from the middle; winding III - 120 turns of PEV-2-1,95 wire. Diodes VD5...VD8 are installed on heat sinks. SCR VS1 is installed on a heat sink with an area of at least 100 cm2. To establish the device, a wire resistor with a resistance of 1 ... 2 Ohm and a power of at least 100 W is connected to its output (nichrome wire with a diameter of 0,5 ... 1 mm can be used). The engine of the variable resistor R15 is set to the upper position according to the diagram and the selection of the resistor R14 sets the current through the load of 7 A. When the knob of the variable resistor is rotated, the current should gradually decrease to zero.

Author: Semyan A.P.

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