The use of heat pumps in the heat generators of Potapov, WPP and HPP. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Global warming has revealed the futility of further combustion of fossil fuels: coal, oil, uranium. Today, more than ever, it is important to return to traditional energy. This article will focus not so much on installations for the use of solar energy and geothermal energy, but on heat pumps, which can significantly increase the efficiency of using clean energy. The future lies with hybrid energy, using all the best that has been developed by mankind throughout its history. As part of every power plant, as well as in many production processes, a heat pump must operate.

Before talking about the use of heat pumps (HPs), one should clearly separate throttle heat pumps from expander heat pumps. Throttle pumps are the best-selling ones today, since they do not use energy, but expend it. In addition to household refrigerators and air conditioners, there are more powerful devices based on throttle HPs [2], but their efficiency, which is carefully renamed the "coefficient of performance" (COP Coefficient of Performance), is only 1,9-5,4. The same results are obtained by installing simpler Griggs-Potapov heat generators (TG), or heat meters.

In expander HPs, energy is not consumed, but used, therefore they are preserved only in the rocket and space complex and large industry controlled by the oligarchs.

Expander HPs differ from throttle ones only in that in their design, instead of a throttle that slows down the gas flow, pneumatic motors are used - piston, rotary and turbine expanders. The latter are the most effective. Since the energy in the expander HP is not consumed, but used, such HP return the electrical, mechanical and any other energy used to drive them. Similar properties are possessed, for example, by electrochemical generators [3] and other little-known - forgotten, classified, prohibited devices.

What do I suggest? In [1, p.144] acad. L.P. Fominsky writes: "Potapov's heat generator is not a heat pump, although it would be very rational to turn it into one." Indeed, by combining Potapov's TG and expander HP, 4 problems can be solved at once.

1. Pre-heat the water used in the Potapov TG to maximize its efficiency and simplify start-up (at t<63°C, the TG has low efficiency).

2. Use the heat carried away by the air leaving through the ventilation to heat the room and prevent the leakage of warm air through leaks in windows, doors, etc.

3. Reducing the mass and dimensions of the Potapov TG by increasing the rotation speed of its rotor by 1-2 orders of magnitude.

4. Using external heat (Sun, air, water, soil) to restore the internal energy of the used air. The operation of a combined TG is shown in Fig. 1, where H is an air pump (compressor) that compresses air from a heated and ventilated room; D - turbo expander (the author experimented with a Czechoslovak-made dental turbodrill), liquefying the air that leaves the room (goes outside), G - hot circuit. The cold circuit (X) is the environment. Potapov’s TG works as a water pump in this device, for which a special groove has been made in the rotor.

Although acad. L.P. Fominsky does not highly appreciate wind energy [1, p.281], but windmills are very cheap, moreover, the cheapest wind power plants, which are easier for craftsmen to produce than any other. The use of HP as part of WPP allows solving again 4 problems.

1. Increase the efficiency of the WPP at low speeds of the wind turbine.

2. Increase efficiency in warm seasons (today, wind farm productivity in August is 4 times lower than in February).

3. It becomes possible to use highly efficient high-speed generators, since the rotor speed increases by 3-4 orders of magnitude.

4. It makes it possible to use the energy of wind, the sun, geothermy, and other low-potential energy sources in an integrated manner.

To remove, remove the energy of the external environment (heat), you can use the entire mast of the WPP (Fig. 2), painting it black. It is possible to increase the use of solar energy by illuminating the lower shadow part of the wind farm mast using movable mirror panels.

But hydropower on the basis of HP [1, p.143] acad. L.P. Fominsky considers it very promising: "... if ... heat is taken from the Volga River with the help of heat pumps, then with an average annual flow of this river of 200 km3, cooling its water by only 1 ° C would give 2 1014 kcal per year, or in terms of electrical energy more than 200 MWh per year. This is 3 times more than the entire cascade of Volga power plants generates! How to carry out such an energy miracle?

Figure 3 shows the design of a HPP combined with HP.

Water rotates the pump H, which sets in motion the working substance (gas, low-boiling liquid) inside the hot (G) and cold (X) circuits. The working substance rotates the expander (D), which drives the electric generator. So HP can be used both at home (air HP plus Potapov's TG), and in the lowlands (hydroelectric power plants, offshore wind farms), and in the mountains and steppes (wind farms). But the greatest effect can be obtained in hot regions and in warm seas. For Ukraine, this is the South-East and its Black Sea coast.

And further. Heat pumps do not produce, but transform energy from one type to another. Since VTs only transmit energy in space (even if through power lines), they do not contribute to an increase in the amount of heat on Earth and can completely eliminate the danger of exceeding the average annual temperature of our Planet's climate.

References:

1. Fominsky L.P. Over-unit heat generators against the Club of Rome. - Cherkasy: Oko-Plus, 2003.
2. Vuytsik S., Lіchnerskiy E. Heat pumps in power supplies and in conditions//Zelena Energetika. - 2003. - No. 2. S.26-27.
3. Efficiency of electrochemical generators. Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - T.30. - P.123.

Author: Y. Bearded

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