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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Do-it-yourself solar energy. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Power Supplies The material was written with the sole purpose of helping readers use solar energy today, now, in everyday life, at home. Having carefully studied everything that was written about solar energy on the pages of the magazine "Electric" [1-8], I came to the conclusion that very, very little had been said. Solar energy again, like decades ago, seems to be something unattainable or frivolous. What to do to make solar technologies work? What slows down the use of renewable energy sources, one of which is our Sun? Hopes for the widespread use of solar panels in everyday life have not come true. The same commercial calculation is to blame. It is not profitable for industry to develop the production of cheap solar collectors, since their widespread use will reduce industrial current consumption and the demand for fossil fuels. Until craftsmen learn how to make solar cells with their own hands, the situation with solar energy will not fundamentally change. It is gratifying that our authors are seriously thinking about the use [2] and production [7] of photocells. But the back of the cap is not the best place to place solar panels. I think the front part above the sun visor is the best place for them (Fig. 1). With this arrangement, the battery can be used regardless of the position of the Sun relative to the headdress. In the receiver, it is better not to hide photo batteries in the battery compartment, but to place them, for example, on the handle. The sun supplies heat and light to the Earth. Its lack in winter forces us to increase energy consumption. In those days when people did not yet use electricity, houses were oriented according to the cardinal points: the facade to the south, the blank wall to the north. This was the only way to build a warm, dry and bright building. Over time, this rule was forgotten and houses began to be built at random. To better study the dynamics of the movement of the Sun, a sundial can be installed at the site of future construction (Fig. 2). To do this, you will need to divide the circle into 24 hour sectors and number them. Adjustment of the clock is carried out by simply turning the dial according to the shadow of the vertical pin - the hour hand. Using this clock, you can accurately predict the daily change in illumination in the rooms of your future home at different times of the year. The location of living rooms on the south side of the building will help save up to 50% of heat and electricity in winter. There are many simple tips for doing this. Air conditioning from ... roof edge. At a certain relative position of the edge of the roof and the window (Fig. 3), it is possible to achieve good lighting in winter (Fig. 3, a) and cessation of lighting in summer (Fig. 3, b) by only changing the position of the Sun in the sky. tree conditioner. A deciduous tree planted in front of a window will let the sun's rays through in winter (Fig. 4, a) and prevent their passage in summer (Fig. 4, b). The role of such a tree can be played by grapes. Air conditioning with blinds. This simple device allows well-ordered sun rays to pass into the room, from where they can no longer escape (Fig. 5, a). In summer, it is enough to turn the planes of the blinds perpendicular to the sun’s rays, and coolness will reign in the room (Fig. 5, b). Glass + polymer. In "Electrics", 2001, No. 8, p.3, an experiment on the use of plastic to increase the thermal insulation of windows is described. Our people have been using ordinary polyethylene for the same purpose for a long time. Just cover the window with film not from the street, but from inside the room, otherwise the window frame will quickly rot from condensing moisture and heat. Additional frame - "four in one". An additional frame is installed on the windows in winter (Fig. 6, a), which can serve as a greenhouse for seedlings in the spring (Fig. 6, b), heat water in the summer [9] (Fig. 6, c), and in the fall - dry fruits and mushrooms [10] (Fig. 6d). For such a frame, it is not a pity to purchase expensive “economy” glasses. Radio alarm clock. An alarm clock helps you make better use of daylight hours. In order not to hear the annoying ringing, beeping and squeaking of serial alarm clocks, radio amateurs design alarm clocks - switches for household television and radio equipment based on photodiodes, photoresistors and phototransistors. Simpler alarm clocks can be made on the basis of a radio broadcast network (Fig. 7). In order to get up in the morning with the first sounds of the radio, you need to press the “Start” button in the evening. If the relay design allows, you can press directly on the armature. In this case, the diagram is simplified (Fig. 8). The device is connected between the broadcast network and the radio point. I think readers will share their secrets of using solar energy at home. References:
Author: Y. Bearded
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