Incubator motor control circuit. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electric motors

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In the previously published schemes for controlling the motor for turning the trays of the incubator [1,2, 30], single-phase motors without reverse are used. These schemes are suitable for small incubators, designed for laying 50 - 90 pieces. eggs. Although, in my opinion, in such cases it is better to use an engine from a car wiper. This motor is convenient in that with constant rotation in one direction, the output shaft reverses through XNUMX °. End sensors are installed so that they are triggered by pressing the edge of the tray.

This article describes the control scheme for a three-phase motor of any power included in a single-phase network. It can be used in farm incubators with eggs from 500 pcs. (incubator from the refrigerator) up to 50000 pcs. (industrial incubators like "Universal"). This scheme has been working for me for 11 years in an incubator made from a refrigerator. All this time the circuit worked without failures.

The circuit consists of a generator and frequency dividers on DD2, DD4, DD5 microcircuits, a driver for turning on motors on DD6.1, DD1.1 - DD1.4, DD3.6 microcircuits, an integrating circuit R4, C3, switches on transistors VT1, VT2, a relay K1, K2 and the power unit on the relays K3, K4 (Fig. 1 and 2). Indication of the state of the trays (top, bottom) is carried out by LEDs HL1, HL2.

(click to enlarge)

The generator and frequency divider to minute pulses are assembled according to the standard scheme on the DD2 K176IE12 microcircuit. For division up to 1 hour, a divider by 60 of the DD4 K176IE12 microcircuit is used. The trigger on the DD5 K561TM2 chip divides the period up to 2 and 4 hours. The SA3 switch selects the required time after which the trays will rotate, from 4 hours to a complete stop. At outputs 1 and 2 of the DD6.1 trigger, the selected time period is converted into a pulse duration.

The leading edges of these pulses through the coincidence circuits DD1.1 - DD1.3 turn on the motor for turning the trays. The leading edge of the pulse from pin 1 of the trigger DD6.1 turns on the engine reverse through the coincidence circuits DD7.4, DD7.2. Elements DD1.4, DD3.6 are required to switch the operating modes "manual - automatic" and set the trays to the horizontal position "Center". To turn on the engine reverse before the engine rotation is turned on, the integrating chain R4, C3, VD1 is used.

The delay time for turning on the engine, at the ratings indicated in the diagram, is about 10 ms. This time may vary depending on the response threshold of the applied microcircuit. Control pulses through transistor switches VT1, VT2 turn on the engine start relay K2 and the reverse relay K1.

When the supply voltage is turned on at any of the pins 1, 2 of the trigger DD6.1, a high potential will be set, let's say this is pin 1. If the limit switch S.3 is not closed, then the output of the element DD1.3 will be high, and relays K1, K2 will work .

The next time the trigger DD6.1 is switched, the reverse relay K1 does not turn on, since the inhibiting zero potential will be applied to the input of the DD7.4 chip. Low-current relays K1, K2 are switched on for a short time only during the rotation of the trays, since when the limit switches S.2 or S.3 are triggered, a prohibitive zero potential will be set at the output of the DD1.3 microcircuit. The status of pins 1, 2 DD6.1 is indicated by inverters DD3.4, DD3.5 and LEDs HL1, HL2. The inscriptions "Top", "Bottom" show the position of the front edge of the tray and are conditional, since the direction of rotation of the motor can be easily changed by connecting the motor windings accordingly.

The diagram of the power unit is shown in Fig.2.

The alternating switching on of relays K3, K4 switches the motor windings and, therefore, controls the direction of rotation of the rotor. Since relay K1 (if necessary) operates earlier than relay K2, then the engine will be switched on by contacts K2.1 after the corresponding relay K1.1 or K3 is selected by contacts K4. Buttons SA4, SA5, SA6 duplicate contacts K2.1, K1.1 and are designed to manually set the position of the trays. The SA4 button is installed between the SA5 and SA6 buttons for the convenience of simultaneously pressing two buttons. It is desirable to make the inscription "Top" under the top button. The movement of trays in manual mode must be carried out with the automatic mode turned off by the SA2 switch. The capacitance of the phase-shifting capacitor C6 depends on the motor switching circuit (star, delta) and its power [3].

For a motor switched on according to the "star" scheme, С=2800I/U, for switching on according to the "triangle" scheme C=4800I/U, where I=P/1,73Uhcosϕ, P is the nameplate power of the motor, W; cosϕ - power factor; h - efficiency; U - mains voltage, V.

The printed circuit board from the side of the conductors is shown in Fig. 3, and from the side of the installation of elements - in Fig. 4.

(click to enlarge)

Relays K3, K4 and capacitor C6 are located in close proximity to the engine.

The device uses switches SA1, SA2 type P2K with independent fixation, SA3 - type PG2-6P-2N. Limit switches S.1S.3 - type MP1105, relays K1, K2 - type RES49 (passport RF4.569.426). Relays K3, K4 can be used of any type for an alternating voltage of 220 V and with the corresponding contact currents. The three-phase motor M1 with gearbox can be any with enough power on the shaft to turn the trays. To calculate the weight of one chicken egg, take approximately 60 g, duck and turkey - 80 g, goose - 190 g [4]. I used an engine of the FTT-0,08 / 4 type, with a power of 80 watts.

Limit switches are placed around the axis of rotation of the trays at the required angle. A bushing with an M8 thread is fixed on the axle, into which a bolt is screwed that closes the limit switches.

References:

1. Glagolev O. Electronic automation of a small-sized incubator//Radio. 1997. - No. 3. - P.45.
2. Grigoriev A. Incubator kinematics control unit//Radio. - 1999. - No. 10. P.33.
3. Bastanov V.G. 300 practical tips. - M.: Moskovsky worker, 1993.
4. Burtov Yu. et al. Incubation of eggs. Ref. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1990.

Author: N.I.Zaets

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