Toaster. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Household Appliances
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An electric heating device for toasting slices of bread (toast) is called a toaster. Slices of bread are placed between heating elements - thin spirals of nickel and chromium alloy placed between sheets of mica. When the stand with bread is lowered down into the toaster using a special handle, the toaster turns on, the electrical circuit is closed, and the spirals heat up. The stand is held at the bottom with a latch.
Next to the heating elements there is a thermostat - a bimetallic plate, which, when heated, bends and closes the control circuit with an electromagnet included in it. It releases the latch that holds the rack with the bread underneath, and a spring lifts the rack upward, pushing out the finished toast. The toaster turns off.
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| Random news from the Archive The steering will determine driver fatigue
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The operation of most existing or planned driver fatigue recognition systems is based on the use of video cameras and (or) special infrared sensors.
Such complexes follow the face of a motorist, analyzing the position of the eyes, nose, mouth and other parts of the face. In addition, the frequency of blinking and the duration of the time intervals during which the eyelids are closed are monitored. If the electronics detect a low concentration level of the driver or signs of falling asleep, an alarm will be given.
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The idea is to monitor the condition of the motorist by the intensity and nature of steering wheel deviations. To test the system, a special driving simulator was used, which captures almost 90 very different indicators related to speed, acceleration, braking, changing lanes, car turns, etc.
About 30 people participated in the study: for the appearance of signs of fatigue, they had to simulate working the night shift.
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The researchers have already received a patent for the proposed solution.
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