Stepper motor control. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electric motors
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It often becomes necessary to start a stepper motor of a 5,25 "drive or an old MFM hard drive. Such an motor has 2, 3 or 4 windings (4, 6 or 8 pins, respectively). The supply voltage is 5 or 12 V. Let's consider the operation of such a motor using the example of a two-winding .
To control the engine, it is necessary to assemble four keys (Fig. 1, where R1, R3 - 4,7 kOhm; R2 - 2 kOhm; VT1 - KT315; VT2 - KT815; VT3 - KT814; VD1, VD2 - KD102).
Let's send signals to the inputs of the keys according to Fig.2.
The first cycle: A is high, a "direct" current flows through the I winding, the II winding is de-energized, the rotor is set to its initial position.
Second cycle: B is high, "direct" current flows through winding II, winding I is de-energized, the rotor moves one step.
Third cycle: at C high level, "reverse" current flows through winding I, winding II is de-energized, the rotor moves one step.
Fourth cycle: at D high level, a "reverse" current flows through the winding II, the winding I is de-energized, the rotor moves one step. The first cycle: A is high, a "direct" current flows through the I winding, the II winding is de-energized, the rotor moves one step.
Such a sequence of pulses can be obtained in hardware using a reversible binary counter and a decoder (for example, K155IE7 and K155ID4) - Fig. 3 or programmatically, for example, in assembler as a function for the C language.
Functions must be declared:
void r_step(void);
void l_step(void);
call like this:
r_step(void);
wait();
//delay needed
// so that the engine
// managed to step
r_step(void);
wait();
l_step(void);
wait();
;----------------
.model compact,C
public r_step, l_step
.data
mmm db 00010001b
.code
r_step: roll mmm,1
jmp@1
l_step: ror mmm,1
@1: mov al,mmm
and al,1111b
mov dx, 0378h
;parallel address
port
out dx,al
ret
end
;----------------
Connect the key inputs to the parallel port
Input ABCD
Pin 2 3 4 5
The resolution of the rotor installation can be reduced by half by changing the control algorithm to the following.
The first cycle: A is high, a "direct" current flows through the I winding, the II winding is de-energized, the rotor is set to its initial position.
Second cycle: high level on A, B, "direct" current flows through the windings I and II, the rotor moves half a step.
Third cycle: B is high, a "direct" current flows through the winding II, the winding I is de-energized, the rotor moves half a step.
Cycle four: on B, C high level, "reverse" current flows through winding I, "direct" current flows through winding II, the rotor moves half a step.
Cycle five: C high, reverse current flows through winding I, winding II is de-energized, the rotor moves half a step.
Cycle six: on C, D high level, "reverse" current flows through the windings I and II, the rotor moves half a step.
Cycle XNUMX: D high level, "reverse" current flows through winding II, winding I is de-energized, the rotor moves half a step.
The eighth cycle: on D, A a high level, a "reverse" current flows through the winding II, a "direct" current flows through the winding I, the rotor moves half a step (Fig. 4).
Authors: Yu.Shulimov, V.Fedoshchuk
See other articles Section Electric motors.
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