Color-music lighting. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Color and music installations, garlands

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It is customary to light the Christmas tree with garlands of multi-colored light bulbs. In a dark room, their glow looks beautiful. However, a Christmas tree is even more beautiful, illuminated by multi-colored spotlights, fixed at a certain distance from the Christmas tree, while the Christmas tree rotates. It has a lot of shiny toys and ribbons (rain) reflecting the light of lanterns. Therefore, illuminated by searchlights, they collectively shine like a flame. The effect is even more enhanced if the spotlights are controlled from a color and music installation (prefix), and the Christmas tree is artificial with shiny mirror needles.

Brightly lit by multi-colored spotlights, the Christmas tree can be admired when it is dark around. Therefore, spotlights should scatter light to the sides as little as possible. Rays that do not hit the target must be absorbed, and useful rays must be parallel, as from the sun, so that the reflections ("bunnies") on the walls and ceiling are bright and no larger than the toys that reflected them, and not dim and large , as from an ordinary electric lamp due to its divergent beams. Parallel beams are obtained using a reflector or lens. The simplest designs of spotlights were developed from improvised materials - paper, plywood, wire, etc.

Figure 1 shows the design of a spotlight based on a reflector.

For its manufacture, a reflector 1 from an old car headlight is used, which is installed in a cylindrical housing 2, glued with silicate glue from five layers of thick paper. After the glue dries, the body acquires sufficient rigidity and strength. If the mirror layer in the reflector is broken (which is why the reflector was removed from the car), then it can be easily restored by sticking a shiny foil - a chocolate wrapper. It is straightened with a fingernail directly on the reflector until the glue dries. The case is necessary to absorb light that does not go to the Christmas tree, but to illuminate the room.

The reflector 1 is sufficiently firmly held in the cylinder 2 only by friction. This is facilitated by petals 3, available on the reflector, by unbending which, it is possible to ensure sufficient fastening reliability. If it is not possible to find a cylindrical object of suitable dimensions, on which it is convenient to glue the case, then two reflectors can be used. Having placed them at a distance from each other, less than the length of the body, they wind paper on them, covered with silicate glue at the gluing points. As a result, the reflectors are on both sides of the case. After the glue dries, they are removed, and then one reflector is installed in the right place, having unbent the petals 3 a little for more friction.

From the outside, the case is pasted over with colored paper for beauty, and on the inside - with black paper or covered with ink to reduce the reflection of light by the walls of the case. By preventing lamp 4 from illuminating the room, the housing enhances the contrast between a brightly lit Christmas tree and a dark room. It is best to use a cinema projection lamp with a power of 100 W and an operating voltage of 220 V, but you can also use another, similar to a small base, in voltage and power corresponding to the used color and music installation, but not more powerful than 100 W. It is fixed in the simplest way, even a cartridge was not needed, but at the same time the beam can be adjusted.

This requires ring 5, cut from textolite or cast from epoxy resin, 10 mm thick with an inner diameter of 26 mm (larger than the diameter of lamp 4) and an outer diameter equal to the diameter of hole 6 in the cylinder of the reflector base 1. Through holes drilled in ring 5 four wires 7 are inserted (you can use the wire from a paper clip). Their ends coming out from the reverse side of the ring 5 are bent to prevent spontaneous disassembly of the lamp mount. On the other side of the wires 7, hooks are bent, which are hooked onto a metal washer 8 with a diameter of 12 mm. The ring 5 is glued to the walls of the hole 6 in the base of the reflector 1.

The resulting wire basket securely holds the lamp 4 on four sides, allows it to be moved longitudinally when adjusting the luminous flux and rotated so that the laying plane of the incandescent spiral is horizontal, which will extend the life of the lamp, since the sections of the incandescent spiral that stretches and sags over time will not close together . Such a mount provides good natural ventilation of lamp 4 (which means that a fan is not needed), does not require a purchased cartridge, and is easy to manufacture. Hole 6 in reflector 1 is not completely closed by lamp 4, which does not prevent hot air from escaping from housing 2. To cast ring 5 from epoxy, put the reflector with its base on plasticine (reflecting surface upwards), install a plasticine cylinder in the middle of hole 6. Epoxy resin is poured into the formed mold. But before that, you need to cover with plasticine all the holes from which epoxy can leak out, and insert four wires 7 into the bottom plasticine.

To reduce the complexity of manufacturing, colored transparent glass facing tiles 150x150 mm in size were used as light filters. Its corners are broken off so that it fits tightly into the body 2. Breaking inaccuracies are compensated by the elasticity of the body. Fixing the glass 9 is extremely simple: in four places of its contact with the body 2 using wire staples 10 (you can use the wire from a paper clip). Glasses 9 are held in the housing 2 by friction. Staples 10, covering the glass from both sides, prevent it from falling out of the body 2, and do not fall out themselves. Each of them is easily inserted into two holes in the housing 2.

Such a light filter has four lateral slots between glass 9 and body 2, which practically do not affect the color of the light flux, but significantly improve the ventilation necessary for cooling the lamps. The main light flux passes through the colored glass, and not through the slots. If there are no colored glass tiles, you can cut out filters from colored glass or transparent colored plastic.

You can leave only two side slots. On the opposite side, the body 2 is closed with a lid 11, cut out of plywood 3 mm thick, having the same shape as the light filter 9. The lid is fixed in the same way as the light filter. Cover 11 is painted black on the inside (black ink can be used for this purpose) to reduce the light escape into the side slots. To improve ventilation in the upper part of the housing 2, near the reflector 1, two holes 12 and 13 with a diameter of 6 mm must be drilled on both sides of it.

Adjusting the luminous flux is reduced to obtaining the smallest possible point of light on the farthest wall of the room by moving the lamp 4 inside the wire basket.

It is possible to illuminate the fountain on the square with spotlights of the described design, but more powerful, made of metal, sealed and placed on poles. You need to mount the spotlights compactly and simply so that they take up little space in the room, can be rotated in any direction relative to each other and all together. At the same time, the fastening structure should be made with low labor costs so that the desire to make it before the New Year does not disappear. These conflicting requirements were solved by fixing the lantern cylinders with the help of friction in one plane, as shown in fig. 2 and 3.

To do this, in a decoratively cut plywood sheet 14 with a thickness of 10 mm, three holes are sawn with such a diameter that the cylinders of spotlights 2 fit tightly into them. 14 - to the tripod 15. Since the tripod has a special photographic thread, the nut 16 must have the same thread. If there is no such nut, then you can cut a regular metric thread on a tripod over the existing thread. And if there is no desire to "translate" the tripod, then the nut 17 can be made of plexiglass. The walls of the hole in it, which is smaller in diameter than the tripod thread, are heated with a soldering iron tip, and the nut being made is screwed onto the tripod thread while hot.

After the plexiglass has cooled, the walls of the hole will have the shape of a tripod thread. The resulting plexiglass nut can be unscrewed and re-screwed onto the thread of the tripod. For greater fastening strength, a hole of such a diameter must be drilled in bracket 16 to ensure a tight fit on the tripod thread.

The spotlights, the centers of gravity of which are in the plane of the sheet 14, are securely held in the holes only by friction and can be rotated through a small angle sufficient to direct the light rays to different places on the Christmas tree or on a mirror ball. All together, the spotlights can be rotated in any direction using the tripod hinge 15. The bottom of the Christmas tree is illuminated with red light, the middle with green, the top with blue. If a mirror ball is illuminated, then the beams of the searchlights are oriented to one point. During the operation of spotlights under the control of a color and music console, the heating of their paper bodies is insignificant. The wires 19 are soldered to the lamp 4 and to the connector 20 of any type, fixed on the bracket 16. The outputs of any serial or home-made color and music set-top box with an output voltage of the channels corresponding to the operating voltage of the selected lamps are connected to the counterpart of the connector.

Spotlights are placed at a distance of about 3 m from the Christmas tree, and the Christmas tree is installed on one mirror and next to another mirror. At the same time, there are more reflections ("bunnies") from mirrors and shiny toys and ribbons on the walls and ceiling, and they move in opposite directions and at an angle to each other. In addition to the three color-musical spotlights, it is desirable to have one more blue background spotlight with a 40 W lamp, which always shines and is located separately from the main three spotlights. Having a constant blue backlight, the tree looks more beautiful.

Spotlights with focusing lenses create even more parallel beams of light. Such a spotlight illuminates a mirror ball at a time when the Christmas tree is illuminated by spotlights with reflectors. Any converging lens is suitable for making a spotlight. To determine the length of the spotlight, depending on the diopter of the available lens, an experiment is first carried out. Put a glowing lamp from a car headlight on the edge of the table. Bringing the lens closer and further away from the lamp, an image of a luminous spiral is obtained on the most distant wall. Measure the distance L between the lamp helix and the lens. It must be held in a spotlight. The simplest projector design is shown in Figure 4.

First, a cone is made of thick paper (a bag is twisted), at the top of which a lamp is placed, and at the base - a lens. At the same time, the experimentally obtained distance L is maintained. The cone is truncated, and the base 1 of lamp 2 protrudes from the section. To prevent light from escaping from the section, the surface of the cone near the section has cuts. The petals 3 formed by cuts are bent towards the axis of the cone and cover the base 1, holding the lamp 2 and closing the light exit slots. This makes it possible to move the lamp to the length of its base to adjust the parallelism of the light flux.

On the other side of the cone, a lens 4 is fixed at its base with the help of three similar petals 5. Lens 4 cannot fall inside the cone, since the cone narrows towards the top. Lens 4 falling out of the cone is prevented by petals 5 bent towards the axis of the cone, which are sections of the cone surface at the base.

The resulting paper scan of the body 6 of the spotlight is used to make a scan of tinned tin from a can. The scan has the shape shown in Fig. 5, and its dimensions depend on the selected lens 4.

The greater the magnification of the lens, the smaller the distance L and the more powerful the luminous flux, since less light is absorbed by the walls of the housing 6. The metal scan is rolled into a truncated cone. The adjoining edges 7, which should lie on top of each other in a strip of approximately 5 mm, are fastened by soldering. At the point of soldering, a mounting bracket 8 with a hole is soldered along the center of gravity, which enters the cut of the end of the rack 9 and is fixed with one screw 10 and a nut. Rack 9 is a piece of aluminum wire with a diameter of 5 mm and arbitrary length. The other side is carved. With the help of two nuts 11, 12, the rack 9 is attached to the base 13, which can be a plastic or metal cover. Thanks to this base, the spotlight can be placed on a flat surface and the horizontal direction of the light beam can be adjusted, and its vertical direction can be adjusted by fixing the corner 8 with one screw 10 to the rack 9.

Only one wire 14 can be soldered to the lamp - to the central contact of its base 1, and the other wire 15 is enough to be clamped with a nut 11. A current with a safe voltage of 12 V will pass to the lamp base through the nut, stand, corner, body and petals, compressing the base. So that the wires 14, 15 do not come off at the soldering points, they are pressed against the base 13 with a plastic plate 16 with two screws 17 and nuts.

The lamp is powered by a transformer. To set the color of the light flux, it is enough to put colored glass in front of the lantern, leaning against it. If you use an artificial Christmas tree with shiny mirror needles, which is more spectacular in the rays of spotlights, instead of a live Christmas tree, then nature is protected from deforestation.

Author: V.Yu.Solonin

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