Battery charger. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells
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To ensure reliable operation of the battery, it is necessary to follow the rules for its operation. It is unacceptable to discharge an acid battery to a voltage of less than 1,8 V per cell. A discharged battery should be put on charge after no more than 12 hours, since after this period sulfation of the plates occurs, which in turn leads to a decrease in battery capacity.
Batteries are charged with a current equal to 0,1 Q, where Q is the battery capacity. Charging occurs when the voltage of the charger exceeds the voltage of the battery. I propose a thyristor charger circuit (see figure). The voltage at the output of the charger changes smoothly from 0 to 20 V. The charge current is up to 10 A.
Details. Transformer TV with a power of 180-200 watts. You can use a transformer TS-180-2, in which all windings are removed, except for the primary one at 220 V, and two sections are wound on two coils with a PE wire with a diameter of 2-2,5 mm for a voltage of 25 V. 40 turns are placed in each section.
Diodes VD1 and VD2 type D242A. Thyristors VS1 and VS2 type KU202N. A device for measuring current and voltage can be used with any direct current with a sensitivity of 0,1-1 mA. Depending on the sensitivity, the resistance of the shunt and the additional resistor are selected.
Thyristor control circuit
Diodes VD3-VD6 type D227. Zener diodes VD7, VD8 type D814A. Transistors VT1 type KT361, VT2 type KT315. Resistors R1, R2 each 33 kOhm 0,25 W; R3, R4 51 ohm 0,125W; R6 2 kΩ 0,125 W; R8 15 kΩ 0,125 W; R9 1 kΩ 0,125 W; R10 20 kΩ 0,125 W; R11 30 kΩ 0,125 W; R7 type SP-0,5 150 kOhm; R5 510 Ohm 5 W - load resistor, it is used when setting up the charger. C1 0,1 uF.
For charging, the battery must be connected to the "+" and "-" terminals and, by setting switch S2 to the "U" position, measure the battery voltage. Connect the device to a 220 V network, set the switch to position "A", and charge current with resistor R7 equal to 0,1 Q.
B.V. Gizhitsky
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