Electronic relay voltage regulator. Scheme, description

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Electronic relay voltage regulator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Power regulators, thermometers, heat stabilizers

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The proposed device provides a coarse adjustment of the alternating voltage. When the mains voltage changes within 150 ... 260 V, the voltage at the load changes in the range of 187 ... 242 V, which is quite acceptable for many household electrical appliances. The diagram of the device is shown in the figure.

Electronic relay voltage regulator

It contains a step-down transformer T1, which is included as an autotransformer, a rectifier, an output voltage turn-on delay timer, and two threshold devices. Resistor R1 and capacitor C2 form a surge suppression circuit when switching the secondary windings. The rectifier contains a diode bridge VD1 and a smoothing capacitor C1. Capacitors C3 and C4 eliminate short-term changes (emissions) of the rectified voltage. The turn-on delay timer is assembled on the elements VT3, R6, C5.

The first of the threshold devices is assembled on a transistor VT1, zener diodes VD2, VD3, resistors R2, R3 and a capacitor C3. Relay K1 is included in the collector circuit of transistor VT1, which switches the windings of transformer T1 with its contacts. Diode VD4 protects the transistor VT1 from the self-induction voltage that occurs on the relay winding when the transistor is closed. Capacitor C3 smooths out short-term rectified voltage surges, ripples and noise. The second threshold device is assembled in a similar way on the elements VT2, VD4, VD5, R4, R5, C4.

With a mains voltage of less than 190 V, the voltage at the rectifier output is not enough for at least one threshold device to work, since all zener diodes are closed. The position of the relay contacts corresponds to that shown in the diagram. After 1 ... 2 s, the voltage on the capacitor C5 will be enough to open the transistor VT3, the short-circuit relay will work and, with its contacts K3.1, will supply voltage to the load - it is equal to the mains plus "voltage boost" - the voltage on the windings III-VI of the transformer T1. At a mains voltage of 150 V, about 190 V will be supplied to the load.

In the mains voltage range of 190 ... 220 V, the voltage at the rectifier output will be sufficient to open the zener diodes VD2, VD3, so the transistor VT1 will open and relay K1 will work. As a result, only windings III and IV serve as a source of "voltage boost". When the mains voltage exceeds 220 V, the zener diodes VD5, VD6 and the transistor VT2 will open - relay K2 will work. In this case, the "voltage boost" voltage from the windings V and VI is connected out of phase with the mains voltage, and as a result, the voltage at the load will decrease.

Most of the parts are mounted on a breadboard PCB using wired wiring. Resistors MLT, S2-23, oxide capacitors - K50-35 or imported, capacitor C2 - K73-17 are used. The diode bridge KTs407A can be replaced with bridges of the KTs410, KTs412 series. Transistors can be any low-power low- and medium-frequency ones, designed for a collector-emitter voltage of at least 30 V and the current necessary to operate the relay. Instead of two-anode, you can use conventional zener diodes D810, D811, D813, D814 series, etc. Relay - REN34 (passport HP4.500.000-01) or other similar ones with an operating voltage of about 24 V. You can, for example, use imported TR90, TR91, TRL, TRK for the same operating voltage and with a switching contact with a switched current of at least 1,5 A. Transformer - TPP270-127 / 220-50 (rated power - 57 W).

The stabilizer is adjusted by connecting it to the output of the LATR with the real load turned on, so that the reaction of the transformer T1 to this load is taken into account. The response voltage of the threshold devices is set by a selection of zener diodes for various stabilization voltages. In this case, one or more diodes (silicon or germanium) can be connected in series with the zener diodes.

The proposed stabilizer has been successfully operated in conjunction with a refrigerator (power - about 250 W) for two years and shows high reliability in operation.

Author: G. Gadzhiev, p. Novo-Georgievka, Dagestan; Publication: radioradar.net

See other articles Section Power regulators, thermometers, heat stabilizers.

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