Charger 2,5 amps for batteries. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Charger 2,5 amps for batteries. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells

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This battery charging current source is capable of delivering up to 2,5A with up to 96% conversion efficiency. It can run on AC adapter or car battery. The device does not affect the ground resistance of automotive electrical equipment, since the charge current is measured in the positive rail.

The charger works with rechargeable batteries containing from 5 to 15 cells; however, its input voltage can range from 28 V to a level that is only 1,5 V more than the voltage at the poles of a fully charged battery. The charging current is generated by IC1, a current mode stabilized buck-switch converter controller operating with an external power switch (Q1 transistor) and a synchronous rectifier (Q2 transistor). Both MOSFETs have n-channels, and their low channel resistance (substantially lower than that of p-channel transistors) ensures high conversion efficiency of the circuit. The IC has a voltage boost circuit to provide the positive voltage required to drive the gate of transistor Q1. It also monitors the current through transistor Q1 (via R1) and turns it off if that current goes above a set limit.

Charger 2,5 amps for batteries

Current transformer T1 reduces power losses by supplying resistor R1 with only a fraction of the current of transistor Q1. The positive output bus includes IC2, a current sensor amplifier. 1/2000 part of the current of the internal shunt branches off to its output (from the RS+ output to the RS- output); at the same time, the feedback voltage for the IC2 chip is provided on the resistor R1. Digital control of the charge current can be introduced by connecting the necessary resistors instead of the resistor R2 using 2N7002 type MOS transistors. Their channel resistance of 7,5 ohms has little effect on the circuit parameters, since the channel current does not exceed 1,25 mA, which corresponds to an output current setting error of less than 0,5%.

The circuit conversion efficiency reaches 96%. Efficiency and output power increase with increasing output voltage, since the consumption of the circuit itself (mainly due to IC1 and power MOSFETs) is almost constant. The voltage at the output of the buck regulator cannot exceed VIN, so there is no overload protection. The voltage Vout, from which IC2 is powered, must not be less than 4 V.

Publication: cxem.net

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