Charger-machine with control of inclusion and charge. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells

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The proposed version of the charger is automatically disconnected from the AC mains at the end of charging and does not contain scale instruments. The control of the inclusion and flow of the charging current is carried out using two indicator lights.

The device works as follows (Fig. 1). When the AC mains is turned on, the neon lamp HL1 lights up. The primary winding of the transformer T1 is disconnected from the mains by open contacts K1.1. When connected to the output of the battery device, thanks to normally closed contacts K2.1, relay K1 is activated, connecting the charger to the network. In the secondary circuit, the charging current begins to flow, and the HL2 lamp lights up.

Upon reaching the voltage, which is typical for a charged battery, relay K2 is activated, which, with its contacts K2.1, breaks the winding circuit K1. The device is then disconnected from the network. The winding of relay K2 draws very little current compared to normal discharge, so the battery can be in this state for a long time, waiting for disconnection.

If a fully discharged battery is connected to the device, which is not able to turn on relay K 1, then charging can be started with the SA2 "Start" button, connected in parallel with contacts K1.1. If the batteries are supposed to be charged frequently, then it is more convenient to use the "Start" toggle switch. In the event of an accidental break in the battery circuit, relay K1 turns off at the first passage of the pulsating voltage of the secondary winding of the transformer through zero, which leads to the disconnection of the device from the network.

From the description of the operation of the device, it follows that the glow of the HL2 lamp indicates the flow of the charging current. For this reason, it was possible to exclude the scale instrument.

The device can use transformers with an output voltage of 25 to 40 V with a power of about 150 watts. The secondary winding must have a wire diameter of at least 2 mm. In this design, a transformer TOS-250 with an output voltage of 36 V is used. Relay K2 RES-9, passport RS4.524.200 or RS4.524.201 is used. This relay is selected from the condition of reliable operation at a voltage of 15,8 ... 16,2 V, i.e., when the battery with a nominal voltage of 13,2 V reaches the final charging voltage. The selection is easier to carry out, including in series with the relay K2 from one to three diodes D226 in the forward direction. Relay K1 is any relay that operates at a voltage of 8 ... 9 V and allows switching alternating current with a power of at least 2 A at a voltage of 220 V, for example, MKU-48. Lamp HL1 - any neon, you can even use a faulty thyratron MTX-90. Lamp HL2 - LN-13,6. To clearly distinguish the lamps, the HL2 cap must be a different color, such as green. Diodes VD1 - VD4 should be selected from the D242-D247 series. They must be installed on duralumin plates or other radiators with a surface area of ​​​​about 100 cm². Button SA2 - KU-1, allowing switching current of at least 3 A.

A certain convenience is the possibility of using the charger as a source of alternating voltage 36 V. For this purpose, a dual toggle switch SA1 ТЗ has been introduced.

Capacitor C1 - MBGO, MBGP for a voltage of at least 600 V. Its capacitance depends on the impedance of the transformer, it is selected according to the strength of the required charging current. In this design, to obtain a current of 5,5 A, C1 with a capacity of 15 ... 16 μF is selected. If necessary, you can enter a forced or other charging mode by switching various capacitors.

The described charger has been in operation for several years, having proven itself to be very convenient and reliable.

Author: V. Sosnitsky; Publication: cxem.net

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