What is the best metal detector? Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / metal detectors

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This question deserves separate consideration, since the author had to hear it many times and answer it many times.

To answer this question, you need to understand what goals you are pursuing when searching and at what cost you plan to achieve them. As a rule, a significant part of people do not even suspect that many problems of searching for treasures and relics are solved not by improving the characteristics of search instruments, but by other means.

For example, one acquaintance of the author was engaged in his spare time trips to small towns in Russia. He found interesting, from his point of view, old buildings and carefully examined their attics and cellars. The antiques he collected fully justified the method used. In a similar way, search engines are still working in Moscow, despite the rapidly declining number of buildings not affected by reconstruction and repair.

If we are talking about attics and basements, it should also be noted that a metal detector near iron pipes and an iron roof is most likely useless due to the "shielding" of small search items by massive foreign metal objects that greatly interfere with the search.

Many Muscovites walking in the park on the island of the Moskva River in the Nagatino region do not even suspect that, in addition to the radioactive ash of the thermal power plant, thousands of tons of soil, taken out by a dredge when deepening the water area of ​​the bay, lie under their feet.

So, in the 70s, every day after the end of the dredge, the search engines took out antiques and relics from this soil with their bare hands. Basically, these were coins, jewelry, household items, and weapons came across. One can only guess how much was mined in just a few years! No one in those days even thought about using metal detectors.

A curious incident happened to the author during a spring kayak trip in the Novgorod region. The most powerful flood of 1994 cut off the ice drift in many parts of the river banks. In one place, without a metal detector, the author managed to find more military relics than in all other trips with the device (by the way, the most interesting find was the German 20 pfennig coin of 1942).

Therefore, before looking for an answer to the question of which metal detector is better, it should be clarified whether it is needed at all?

Similarly, with what price it is planned to carry out the search. And those "hotheads" who answer - "at any cost" can be recommended to carefully dig up all the earth in the area of ​​interest and sift it through a fine sieve ...

The realistic approach is presented for clarity in the form of a table (see Table 1) in the "money-labor" coordinates.

Table 1

As for the technical side of the matter, it can be said with certainty that the vast majority of electronic metal detectors manufactured abroad, designed for serious search, belong to the so-called class of VLF metal detectors (VLF = Very Low Frequency - ultra-low frequency), operating on the principle of "transmission - reception" at frequencies of 5 ... 15 kHz. Such devices are also recommended for self-production.

For novice radio amateurs, we can recommend a simpler beating device or simplified versions of other types of metal detectors, including those from Master KIT's do-it-yourself kits.

Fans of scientific experiment and design research can, in principle, recommend metal detectors of all types. However, according to the author, the most interesting from the point of view of analog circuitry are induction-type devices and devices based on the "transmission-reception" principle.

Those amateurs who have experience with microprocessor devices will certainly be interested in metal detectors based on single-chip microcontrollers.

Author: Shchedrin A.I.

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