Color-musical switch of garlands. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Color and music settings

 Comments on the article

A schematic diagram of such a switch option is shown in fig. 1. A three-phase controlled generator is assembled on the DD1 chip. Since the pulse shape is rectangular at all outputs of the 2I-NOT elements, there is no generator pulse shaper and the outputs of the microcircuit elements are connected through separating capacitors C1 - C3 to the control electrodes of the trinistors VS1 - VS3. The current consumed by the switch from the network does not exceed 4 mA.

The generator frequency is controlled by one variable resistor R5, from the engine of which a constant bias voltage is applied to the inputs of the microcircuit elements (through diodes VD4-VD6). The frequency of the generator at the lower (according to the scheme) position of the engine of the resistor R5, when the diodes VD4-VD6 are closed, is determined from the expression:

f = 1/T = 1/3t

where t is a time constant equal to R7C7.

If t is calculated in milliseconds, then f =1000 /3t (Hz).

The calculation begins by setting the lower frequency of the generator 40 Hz and the capacitance of one of the capacitors C7-C9, close in value, for example 0,115 ... 0,12 μF. The TKE of these capacitors should be kept to a minimum to reduce frequency drift from heating. The capacitance of the capacitor C7 is substituted into the formula and the value of the resistor R7 is determined.

Further, after switch assembly и PCB mounting (see Fig. 2, 3 and 5, b), the device is turned on with one garland and the value of the resistor R4 is selected depending on the available variable resistor R5 (22 ... 33 kOhm) so that the upper limit of the generator frequency is 63 .. .65 Hz. When selecting the resistor R4 and measuring the frequency, precautions must be taken, since the switch has no galvanic isolation from the mains. For decoupling, it is desirable to use a temporarily small isolating transformer.

The operation of the generator is checked by rotating the axis of the resistor R5. The switching of the garland lamps at the moment the mains and generator frequencies coincide should stop or become very slow near the middle position of the resistor R5 engine. In its extreme positions, the garland lamps should flicker.

Then the operation of the switch is checked with three garlands turned on. The garlands should switch strictly alternately with a slight overlap in glow.

To create a color-musical effect of running or rotating lights with a change in the switching frequency to the beat of the melody, the switch is supplemented with an isolating step-up transformer T1 (Fig. 1). Its primary (low-resistance) winding is connected through resistors R11 and R10 to the output of an audio frequency amplifier or directly to the voice coil of a dynamic head, and the secondary winding is connected through a VD10 diode to resistor R6.

The audio frequency voltage, increased by the transformer to 5 ... 6 V, is fed into the bias circuit to the inputs of the microcircuit elements. In this case, the controlled oscillator operates as a non-linear "voltage-frequency" converter capable of increasing the generation frequency by 10 times.

The switching of garlands is original and peculiar due to the fact that at a low signal level, the switching frequency changes slowly at first, then with an increase in amplitude - quickly with a small delay determined by the time constant of the R5, C7-C9 chain. With a high level of the audio frequency signal, the generator switches to the threshold voltage amplification mode, and the garlands begin to light up with different intensity to the beat of the melody. Zener diodes VD8 and VD9 protect the transformer and the microcircuit from overload.

The setting of the switch in the color-musical mode is done last. By adjusting the resistor R5, they achieve the slowest switching of garlands or a complete stop without an audible signal. Turn on the amplifier at the desired volume and resistor R11 select the desired switching effect.

To increase the intensity of the glow of lamps in an illuminated room, their power must be significantly increased. In this case, the KU110A (VS1-VS3) trinistors are replaced with KU202N, the D226B (VD1) diode with D246-D248, and the switch is supplemented with emitter followers (Fig. 4).

SCRs and a diode are mounted on a printed circuit board on small heat-removing U-shaped aluminum radiators with an area of ​​20 ... 25 cm². Naturally, the printed circuit board for this version of the switch will have to be reworked and the dimensions slightly increased.

Front panel (see fig. 3) are made of one-sided foil fiberglass. The cover for the switch can be made of thick cardboard 1,5 mm thick (rice. 5a). First, five blanks are marked and cut out, then the gluing points are coated with Moment-1 glue and allowed to dry for 15 minutes. The box is assembled sequentially by gluing each blank (the assembly order is indicated in Figure 5a, numbers 1-4). The finished casing is impregnated with a colorless varnish or painted. For a printed circuit board with powerful trinistors, it is desirable to make the casing from a more durable material, providing holes for ventilation in it.

In the described switch, MGK1 control sockets and MSH1 plugs are used to connect garlands and give an audio signal. For the switch of the second version, the socket should be used with a larger contact surface or use a connector. Capacitors C1-C3 KLS, C7-C9-K10-9 for any rated voltage; C4 and C5-MBM C6 - K50-6. All fixed resistors MLT-0,125 or MLT-0,25 Variable resistors R5 and R11 SP3-9a. Resistors R5, R10, R11 and MGK1 sockets are installed on the front panel. The static current transfer coefficients of the transistors (see Fig. 4) must be at least 100.

Transformer T1, used in the switch from a portable radio. Its magnetic circuit Ш3Х6, winding 1 (according to the scheme) contains 102 turns of wire PEV-1 0,23, winding 2 - 450 + 450 turns of wire PEV-1 0,09. But the transformer can be self-made with a slightly larger cross section of the core of the magnetic circuit and a transformation ratio of 10: 1. The windings must be well insulated from each other.

The schematic arrangement of the lamps in the "Snowflake" is shown in fig. 6. Lamps on an isolated heat-resistant plane are combined into three groups - garlands of 24 pieces each and connected in series in the form of six concentric circles, alternating in two: 1-2-3, 1-2-3, etc.

In series with each garland, a 100 Ohm quenching resistor of the PEVR-20 type is included to select the optimal incandescence of the lamp filaments. The central lamp is connected to the garland 3. This arrangement of the lamps allows you to get a wave-like movement of the light flux from the center to the periphery and vice versa - depending on the amplitude of the sound signal (like the waves generated from a stone thrown into water) Wave oscillations are different, since they arise due to beats on the harmonic components of the mains frequencies and the three-phase generator.

"Snowflake" can easily be turned into a "Rainbow" illumination if the lamps forming concentric circles are colored sequentially in the colors of the rainbow, starting with red. One of the colors, for example blue, is skipped.

The power consumed by one garland (excluding the quenching resistor in its circuit) was:

Рg \u1d NP * l2 * SQR24 \u25d 1 * 1,41 * 840 * XNUMX \uXNUMXd XNUMX (W).

The area of ​​heat sinks for the diode and trinistors has been increased to 50 cm².

Author: E. Litke; Publication: cxem.net

See other articles Section Color and music settings.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

New method for creating powerful batteries 08.05.2024

With the development of technology and the expanding use of electronics, the issue of creating efficient and safe energy sources is becoming increasingly urgent. Researchers at the University of Queensland have unveiled a new approach to creating high-power zinc-based batteries that could change the landscape of the energy industry. One of the main problems with traditional water-based rechargeable batteries was their low voltage, which limited their use in modern devices. But thanks to a new method developed by scientists, this drawback has been successfully overcome. As part of their research, scientists turned to a special organic compound - catechol. It turned out to be an important component that can improve battery stability and increase its efficiency. This approach has led to a significant increase in the voltage of zinc-ion batteries, making them more competitive. According to scientists, such batteries have several advantages. They have b ... >>

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

Random news from the Archive Ion-conducting wood membranes 22.07.2021 US scientists have coated ordinary wood with a hydrogel and turned it into an ion-selective material. Membranes made of such material let only positively charged ions through, which can be used to generate electricity at the border of fresh and salt water. The results of the study are published in the journal ACS Nano. Scientists from the University of Maryland, led by Lian Bing Hu (Liangbing Hu) managed to make ion-selective membranes from a more affordable material - wood. Wood is a composite material that consists of cellulose fibers in a matrix of the tougher lignin polymer. Wood has a porous structure, and due to negative charges on the surface, it even has some ion-selective properties - it passes predominantly positively charged ions. However, the pores in wood are too large, and the ion selectivity of wood is lower than that of artificial materials. In addition, wood is an anisotropic material, that is, its properties differ greatly depending on the direction. The conductivity is higher for porous cross-sections, and the strength is higher for longitudinal cuts (and also the area of ​​\uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbtransverse cuts is limited by the diameter of the tree, while longitudinal cuts can have a much larger area). And finally, wood is not stable enough: with prolonged contact with water, its fibers gradually swell and the structure of the material is broken. Scientists have tried to improve the properties of wood with a polymer hydrogel coating. The hydrogel contains carboxyl groups, which donate a proton in an aqueous medium and turn into a negatively charged COO- fragment. By covering the tree with hydrogel, the scientists intended to increase the density of negative charges on the surface of the material. And so it happened - the measurement of the zeta potential showed that the concentration of negative charges on the surface of the material almost doubled - from minus 1,49 to minus 2,53 millicoulombs per square meter. As a result, the ionic conductivity of the membranes increased by two orders of magnitude compared to untreated wood. In transverse sections, the conductivity was still higher than in longitudinal ones, but not by much - 1,29 millisiemens per centimeter compared to 0,97 millisiemens per centimeter. And hydrogel additives made the membranes stronger - the tensile strength of the longitudinal sections increased from 16,9 to 52,7 megapascals, and the transverse ones - from 1,8 to 10,7 megapascals. The authors believe that the reason is the formation of additional hydrogen bonds between cellulose fibers. In terms of strength-conductivity ratio, the new longitudinal membranes turned out to be better than most of the known analogs. But their main advantage is low price and scalability. Wood is an inexpensive and renewable material, and the use of longitudinal cuts will make membranes of several square meters that can be used to generate energy on a large scale.

Other interesting news:

▪ Anti-plagiarism for teachers Turnitin

▪ NASA to pay 18000 euros for two months in bed

▪ Soldering without heating

▪ World's largest electric skyscraper to be built

▪ The scent of dinosaurs

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Funny puzzles. Article selection

▪ article Criticism is easy, art is difficult. Popular expression

▪ article What is the smallest mammal? Detailed answer

▪ article Wonders of nature. Encyclopedia

▪ article Acoustic telescope. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ Article Four Kings. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024