Hidden wiring finder. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Indicators, detectors, metal detectors
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A relatively simple finder made on three transistors will help determine the location of the passage of hidden electrical wiring in the walls of the room (Fig. 2). A multivibrator is assembled on two bipolar transistors (VT1, VT3), and an electronic key is assembled on a field transistor (VT2).
The principle of operation of the finder is based on the fact that an electric field is formed around the electric wire - it is caught by the finder.
If the switch button SB1 is pressed, but there is no electric field in the zone of the antenna probe WA1 or the finder is far from the mains wires, the transistor VT2 is open, the multivibrator does not work, the HL1 LED is off.
It is enough to bring the antenna probe connected to the gate circuit of the field-effect transistor to a current-carrying conductor or just to the mains wire, the transistor VT2 will close, the shunting of the base circuit of the transistor VT3 will stop and the multivibrator will come into action. The LED will start flashing. By moving the antenna probe near the wall, it is easy to follow the lodging of network wires in it.
The device allows you to find the place of the break of the phase wire. To do this, you need to plug in a load, such as a table lamp, and move the antenna probe of the device along the wiring. In the place where the LED stops flashing, you need to look for a malfunction.
The field-effect transistor can be any other of the series indicated on the diagram, and bipolar ones can be any of the KT312, KT315 series. All resistors - MLT-0,125, oxide capacitors - K50-16 or other small-sized ones, LED - any of the AL307 series, power source - Krona battery or 6 ... 9 V battery, push-button switch SB1 - KM-1 or similar.
Rice. 2 Schematic diagram of the finder
The antenna probe is a conical plastic cap with a threaded metal rod inside. The rod is attached to the body with nuts, from the inside of the body a metal lobe is put on the rod, which is connected with a flexible mounting conductor to the resistor R1 on the board. The antenna probe may be of a different design, for example, in the form of a loop from a piece of thick (5 mm) high-voltage wire used in a TV. The length of the segment is 80 ... 100 mm, its ends are passed through the holes of the case and soldered to the corresponding point of the board.
The desired oscillation frequency of the multivibrator, and therefore the frequency of LED flashes, can be set by selecting resistors R3, R5 or capacitors C1, C2. To do this, temporarily disconnect the source output of the field-effect transistor from resistors R3 and R4 and close the switch contacts.
If, when searching for a break in the phase wire, the sensitivity of the device turns out to be excessive, it can be easily reduced by reducing the length of the antenna probe or disconnecting the conductor connecting the probe to the printed circuit board.
The finder can be used to control the operation of the ignition system of cars. By bringing the antenna probe of the finder to high-voltage wires, by blinking the LED, circuits are determined that do not receive high voltage, or they look for a faulty spark plug.
Author: A.Borisov, Novosibirsk,; Publication: cxem.net
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