Ultrasonic washing machine. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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The introduction of advanced energy-saving technologies has put forward a new household device - an ultrasonic erasing device - to the forefront of progress. Washing by ultrasound occurs due to the periodic formation of compression-rarefaction waves in the volume of the liquid that occur in a practically incompressible medium - water. Linen placed in such a liquid is subjected to intense hydroacoustic action. Hydroacoustic waves initiate the appearance of microscopic gas bubbles, which contribute to the separation of microparticles of dirt from the volume of laundry being washed. With the formation and subsequent collapse (destruction) of gas bubbles, ozone is formed, which sterilizes the laundry. In some cases, with a high energy of ultrasonic vibrations, sonoluminescence can be observed - the glow of a liquid, especially noticeable in a darkened room.

The advantage of washing using ultrasonic vibrations is that the laundry is not deformed, abraded or torn. You can wash even woolen products and delicate linen. In addition to washing and disinfecting linen, you can process vegetables and fruits intended for preservation, and disinfect water.

The ultrasonic erasing devices (UZSU) of the "Bionika" type [1] that appeared on the market are a compact electrical device weighing 200 g. The "Bionika" consists of a network adapter - a power source and the UZSU itself. The device itself, in order to preserve the "know-how", is filled with a compound, and a description of its circuit diagram and characteristics significant for reproduction is not given. However, having secondary characteristics obtained by measuring and analyzing device modes, one of the possible UZSU schemes can be represented in the following form (Fig. 1).

UZSU consists of a power source (DA1 microcircuit), two interconnected generators operating at frequencies of 10 kHz and 1 MHz (DD1 microcircuit), an output stage on a VT1 transistor and an activator-emitter connected to points C and D of the device. The power source in the prototype is made unregulated, designed for the maximum power consumed from the network - 3 W, which is enough to wash clothes in a liquid volume of 10...25 liters. It seems to be more expedient to provide the UZSU with a smooth adjustment of the output power. On fig. 1, an adjustable source of stabilized direct current (25 ... 1000 mA) is included in the gap between points A and B. On fig. 2 shows a diagram of a regulated power supply (5 ... 13 V). The pulse packet generator is made according to the traditional scheme on the DD1 chip and has no special features. The ratings of the RC-elements of the high-frequency part of the generator can be corrected by setting the frequency to resonance with the frequency of the ultrasonic emitter-activator. Chip DA1 and transistor VT1 must be mounted on heat sink plates.

The most problematic in the practical implementation of the UZSU is the choice of an ultrasonic emitter-activator and ensuring its waterproofing while achieving the maximum return of the energy of ultrasonic vibrations to the environment (liquid). Usually, piezoceramic is used as an ultrasonic emitter - barium titanate, strontium, emitters on ferrite or permalloy cores, piezoquartz plates (Fig. 3) [2-4], which opens up a wide field for experiment. One interesting way to produce ultrasonic vibrations is to simply run pulses of electrical current through water using a system of closely spaced electrodes connected to the A and B points of the device. The periodic passage of current pulses between the electrodes will cause acoustic electrically stimulated modulation of the solution. Aluminum or graphite can be recommended as electrodes. When washing, reliable isolation from the mains must be ensured. The container for washing (bucket, basin) must be removed from grounded objects and installed on a dry floor. Acoustic oscillations in the washing solution can also be excited in the range of sound frequencies. Experiments have shown that washing under such conditions occurs with an acceptable result compared to the prototype.

Features of washing with the use of UZSU - the same amount of washing powder is poured into the washing solution as in hand washing, the water temperature should be about 65 ° C. The linen should float freely in the solution, occasionally it should be stirred with wooden tongs. Heavily soiled areas of linen are recommended to be additionally lathered. The washing process lasts 30...40 minutes or more (depending on the efficiency of the ultrasonic activator). You can also rinse clothes using USSU. It should be noted that the experience of optimal use of the UZSU appears after several washes.

Publication: cxem.net

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