Liquid level indicator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Indicators, detectors
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This device is designed to control the level of liquids, such as water, in various tanks. It emits a continuous audio signal when the liquid level reaches the nominal value, and an intermittent audio signal when the liquid exceeds a critical level.
The indicator (Fig. 1) consists of two generators: the first one is assembled on logic elements DD1.1 and DD1.2, and the second - on elements DD1.3, DD1.4. The operation of the generator is controlled by a sensor from sensors E1-E3, placed in the tank at the level at which liquid control is required. If the liquid is below a predetermined level and, naturally, does not reach the sensors, a logic level of 2 is supplied to the inputs of the elements DD3-DD1.1 through resistors R1.3, R1. None of the generators is working. In this mode, the indicator practically does not consume current from the power source.
Ris.1
When the liquid reaches the sensors E1, E2 and "closes" them (unless, of course, the liquid is not dielectric), a logic level of 12 will appear at pin 1.3 of the DD0 element. The second generator starts working, and a beep sounds at a frequency of about 1 Hz . If the flow of liquid into the tank does not stop, its level will soon reach the sensor E1000. Logic level 3 will be at the inputs of the elements DD0, DD1.1. The first generator will start to work and control the inclusion of the second generator. The pulse repetition rate of the first generator is a few hertz, so intermittent sound signals will be heard in the phone, announcing that the liquid has reached a critical level.
In the indicator, you can use, in addition to that indicated in the diagram, the K561LE5 microcircuit; capacitors - KLS, KM; resistors - MLT-0,125; headphone - necessarily high-resistance, with a resistance of at least 1000 ohms at a frequency of 1000 Hz; power source - Krona battery or two 3336 batteries connected in series.
Sensors can be made in the form of tinned copper strips (Fig. 2) attached to a plate (A) of insulating material. A piece of foil fiberglass with touch conductive pads is also suitable. In this version, the pads are tinned or coated with an anti-corrosion conductive coating, and section A of the fiberglass is painted with varnish or paint. If the fluid is corrosive, the sensors should be made from a material that does not react chemically with the fluid, such as stainless steel. The resistance between the sensors must be at least 10 MΩ. If it fails to provide, you will have to reduce the resistance of the resistors R2 and R3.
Ris.2
Since the indicator consumes almost no power in standby mode, there is no power switch, but it is easy to turn it on if desired. No special adjustment of the indicator is required, but if necessary, the tone of the signal can be changed by selecting capacitor C2, and the frequency of its supply by selecting capacitor C1.
Author: I. Nechaev
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