Watering machine for the garden. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Home, household, hobby
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Summer heat. The sky is clear. The garden cannot be saved without watering. In this case, it is good to use an installation that waters itself. The device is an electronic relay on a VT1 transistor, the base and emitter of which are connected to plates of conductive material stuck into the soil at a distance of 3 - 3,5 cm from each other. Since raw ground has low resistance, the base of the transistor can be considered to be directly connected to its emitter (the transistor is off). But as soon as the soil begins to dry out, the semiconductor device opens, the electromagnetic relay K1 is activated - and its contact pairs close the circuit of the actuator - an electromagnet that raises the damper of the irrigation water tank.
The solenoid is a pull-in solenoid. The coil frame is made of textolite or ebonite, has a length of 100 mm, an outer diameter of 30 mm, an inner diameter of 20 mm. "Cheeks" with a diameter of 70 and a thickness of 5 mm are made of the same material as the frame, and are glued to it with BF-2 or Moment glue.
The solenoid coil contains 4300 turns of PEV 0,4 wire (for a mains voltage of 127 V) or 5500 turns of PEV 0,35 (for 220 V). The core is made of mild steel (steel 10 or 20) with a diameter of 20 and a length of 100 mm. A pin is attached to the core, the length of which depends on the distance between the solenoid and the tank damper. Spring - pushing; its purpose is to return the damper to its original state at the end of irrigation.
A fixed core 20 mm in diameter and 18 mm long is inserted into the opposite end of the coil to enhance the retracting force of the solenoid. The fixed core is made of the same material as the moving core.
Schematic diagram of the watering machine
Damper control solenoid: 1 - fixed core; 2 - coil frame; 3 - winding; 4 - washer; 5 - spring; 6 - movable core
The device and dimensions of the damper are not given, since they depend on the tank and pipes. The main thing is that the mass of the damper does not exceed 300 - 350 g.
Any electromagnetic relay (for example, RSM-1, RES-10) that operates at a voltage of 7 - 9 V can be used in the irrigation installation. Transistor type MP39 - MP42. Food - from one battery "Korund" or two series-connected sources 336L.
Author: D.Kryazhev
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