Wind turbine. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources
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This design is characterized by high manufacturability, the absence of scarce materials and the minimum need for machining parts. The undoubted advantages include the original solution for the automatic installation of the rotor blades depending on the wind speed. The engine can be used to drive a generator or a pump. With wind speeds up to 30 km / h, its power will be about 700 watts.
The rotor blades of a wind turbine are made of 0,5 mm plywood or 0,8-XNUMX mm thick tin on a wooden or metal frame.
The upper and lower crosses for fastening the rotor blades are made of steel strip 5 mm thick and assembled by welding. The lower crosspiece is reinforced with 5 mm steel struts, which are welded to it from below, to make it more rigid. The crosspieces are attached to the motor shaft with M8 locking screws in the bushings of the crosspieces.
The blade setting machine is designed to provide a relatively constant rotor speed regardless of wind strength. It consists of three parts - a cross, a rod and a spring.
The principle of operation of the machine is very simple. The oncoming wind stream spins the rotor. At low wind speeds, the automaton spring, compressing, will set the rotor blades to a position that ensures maximum use of the wind force (Fig. 1 A). As the speed of rotation of the rotor increases with the strengthening of the wind, the thrusts, which simultaneously perform the functions of balance weights, begin to turn the rotor blades under the action of centrifugal force, changing their angle of installation (Fig. 1B; 1C). Thus stability of rotation of a rotor is reached.
Rice. 1. Scheme of operation of the machine for installing rotor blades. The letters show the positions of the rotor: A - in light wind, B - in moderate wind, C - in strong wind
In the manufacture of the rotor blade setting machine, the main attention should be paid to the careful balancing of the entire structure. The stiffness of the tensile spring is selected empirically. If necessary, additional weights are installed on the sides of the blades facing the rotor axis; this achieves the operation of the automatic installation with an increase in the speed of rotation of the rotor itself.
The wind turbine drive frame is made of steel angles 50x50x5. The frame pads for mounting the bearing housings are cut from a 5 mm thick steel sheet. Bearings can be used in the following numbers: No. 106 or No. 206. Bearing housings are welded onto the frame pads. Moreover, the lower platform is made movable - for centering the rotor shaft.
Fig 2. Scheme of the action of the air flow on the rotor blades
Rice. 3. Wind turbine assembly: 1 - upper cross for installing rotor blades; 2 - rotor blades; 3 - lower cross of the rotor blades; 4 - thrust-balancer, 5 - crosspiece of the blade setting machine, 6 - spring, 7 - rotor shaft with a diameter of 30 mm, 8 - wind turbine base, 9 - pulley
Rice. 4. Mounting of the rotor blades: 1 - blade, 2 - upper cross, 3 - lower cross, 4 - bushings, 5 - nuts with washers, 6 - bolts with nuts and washers
Rice. 5. Pull-balancer
Figure 6. Crosspiece of the blade setting machine: 1 - cross bar, 2 - bushing
Rice. 7. The lower cross of the rotor blades as an assembly: 1 - cross bars, 2 - blade mounting bushing, 3 - struts, 4 - axle bushing
Rice. 8. Upper cross for fastening the rotor blades as an assembly: 1 - cross bars, 2 - bushings for fastening the blades, 3 - axle bushing
Rice. 9. Rotor blades
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