Power plant in a backpack. Scheme, description

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Power plant in a backpack. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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A set of batteries is a mandatory piece of equipment for any tourist group. But the members of the physical and technical circle of the regional SUT of the city of Perm and their leader Ivan Ivanovich Levin believe that you can do without them on campaigns if you take with you ... a small power plant. Like you see in our picture. Guess it uses wind power? You can connect a transistor to it and at the same time several low-voltage light bulbs and comfortably settle down for the night. The wind (from whichever side it blows) rotates the upper and lower windrotors. Between them, the main working body of the station is installed - an electric generator, or, more simply, an ordinary DC microelectric motor with excitation from permanent magnets.

The question arises: why do we need two windrotors? Indeed, one would be enough to rotate the rotor. But the generator only works efficiently if its shaft has a design speed. For all microelectric motors, the rotational speed is several thousand revolutions per minute. It is not easy to make a high-speed windrotor - you need durable materials, reliable bearings, and balancing. You can, of course, install a step-up gearbox between the windrotor and the generator, but then other difficulties will arise - you will have to increase the diameter and height of the windrotor, which will make the structure heavier. Young technicians from Perm went for a trick - they installed two windrotors. The upper one rotates the generator rotor, and the lower one rotates its stator. The rotor rotates in one direction, and the stator in the other, due to which the total speed has doubled.

The geometric dimensions of the windrotors are shown in fig. 1. The best material for them is tin. Each rotor consists of two discs and two half-cylinders, interconnected by soldering.

Rice. 1 (click to enlarge)

At such a power plant, you can use any DC motor, for example, from an electromechanical toy that has served its time. In this design, PD3 is installed. It generates a voltage of 9 V - it is convenient to power a transistor receiver, and, in addition, its stator has a cylindrical body. And this is also very important. Such a case is easier to install in a duralumin cup (see fig.), machined on a lathe. The shank of the glass serves both as an axis to which the lower windrotor is attached, and as a collector - two bushings made of insulating material, textolite or ebonite are planted on it. Copper foil is glued to the outer (cylindrical) surface of the bushings, and the leads of the generator current collectors are soldered to it. Sliding over the foil, the brass petals provide reliable contact.

The generator rotor and the stator shank axis are connected to the windrotor shafts by rubber tubes. Pay attention to where the bearing units are installed. Their mounting on the frame is shown schematically in the figure.

Ready units of the wind farm are assembled on a frame. These are two duralumin disks 3 mm thick, fastened together with rods. In order for the disks to be strictly parallel to each other, all the rods must be the same length. The frame is attached to two vertical posts - in the figure these are two pipes. Poles can be used instead of pipes when hiking.

Author: V.Falensky

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