Household welding machine. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / welding equipment

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To carry out plumbing and sewerage, make enclosures for pets and birds, beautiful flower stands and many other useful things in the household will help you with an electric welding machine made from available parts and materials. With electrodes up to 4 mm in diameter, they can weld metal with a thickness of 1-20 mm. The unit (see Fig. ) is powered by 220 or 380 V AC.

Its basis is a three-phase step-down transformer 380/36 V, with a power of 1-2 kW (for example: IV-8, IV-10, S-B22), designed to power low-voltage power tools. Even a copy with one blown winding is suitable.

Rice. 1. Appearance of the transformer

Without disassembling the core, remove the secondary windings from all coils by biting the copper bus in several places. Do not touch the primary windings of the extreme coils, but rewind the middle one with the same wire, making taps every 30 turns. There should be 8-10 of them in total, so put a number tag on each.

Rice. 2. Electrical connection diagram of the transformer windings for a voltage of 220 V

Rice. 3. Electrical connection diagram of the transformer windings for a voltage of 380 V

Then, on the two extreme coils, wind the secondary winding until it is completely filled, using a three-phase power multicore cable, consisting of three wires with a diameter of 6-8 mm and one thinner. It can withstand high current, has reliable insulation, thanks to its flexibility, it is possible to perform tight winding without first disassembling the unit. In total, about 25 m of such a cable will go. It can also be replaced with a wire of a smaller cross section, folding the wires in half when winding.

It is more convenient to do the work together: one lays the turns, and the other pulls the wire.

Make terminals for the outputs of the secondary winding from a copper tube with a diameter of 10-12 mm and a length of 30-40 mm. On one side, rivet it and drill a hole with a diameter of 10 mm in the resulting plate, and on the other, insert carefully cleaned passages, crimp them with light hammer blows, and then, to improve contact, make notches on the surface of the tube with a core.

From the panel located on the top of the transformer, remove the regular screws with M6 nuts and replace them with two new ones with M10 thread (preferably copper) - the secondary winding terminals will be connected to them.

Rice. 4. Electrode holder: 1 - electrode; 2 - spring; 3 - pipe; 4 - rubber hose; 5 - screw and nut M8; 6 - cable

For the outputs of the primary winding, make an additional PCB board 3 mm thick and attach it to the transformer, as shown in the figure. Pre-drill 10-11 holes with a diameter of 6 mm in it and insert M6 screws with two nuts and washers into them. If the device will be powered by a 220 V network, then connect the two extreme windings in parallel, and connect the middle one to them in series (see the electrical diagram). Even better, the installation works from a 380 V network. In this case, connect all the primary windings in series - first the two crooks, and then the middle one. Connect the terminals of the extreme windings to the common terminal, and the other two to the "Cutting" terminal. The taps of the middle winding will go respectively to the terminals "1", "2", "3", etc. The middle winding performs the function of an additional inductive resistance in the extreme circuit, reducing the voltage and current in the secondary winding. The electrode holder (see Fig.) is made of a 3/4 '" pipe 250 mm long. On both sides of the pipe at a distance of 40 and 30 mm from its ends, cut out notches half the diameter deep with a hacksaw. And so that the electrode can be pressed against the holder, weld a piece of steel wire with a diameter of 6 mm from the opposite side, drill a hole with a diameter of 8,2 mm and, using a copper terminal and an M8 screw with a nut, connect to the holder a piece of the same cable as the secondary winding is wound on. or a nylon hose with a suitable inner diameter.

The device is connected to the network through a knife switch with wires with a cross section of at least 1,5 mm2 - one to the "Common" terminal, and the other to one of the "1" - "8" terminals (depending on the magnitude of the welding current). The largest current will be when connected to the "Cut" terminal. The current of the primary winding of the transformer does not exceed 25 A, and the current of the secondary varies from 60 to 120 A. Do not forget that the welding machine is designed to perform a relatively small amount of work. Therefore, after using 10-15 electrodes with a diameter of 3 mm, it must be allowed to cool. Accordingly, with electrodes with a diameter of 4 mm, the time of continuous operation of the installation will have to be reduced even more. But with electrodes with a diameter of 2 mm, you can work without forced interruptions (the heating temperature of the transformer does not exceed 70-80 °). In the "Cut" mode, the welding machine heats up the fastest, so in this case it should "rest" more often. You can cut metal of almost any thickness used in everyday life. When switching from one welding mode to another, do not forget to turn off the mains switch.

Author: N.Yashkin, Antonovka village, Mykolaiv region

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