A simple machine for a domestic deep water pump. Scheme, description

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A simple machine for a domestic deep water pump. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Home, household, hobby

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The automatic machine is intended for filling different reservoirs with water. I assembled it from improvised parts found at home. It works on a "set it and forget it" principle.

Simple machine for domestic deep water pump
Fig. 1

The scheme of the automaton is shown in fig. 1. It contains two electronic relays (based on transistors VT1, VT2 and electromagnetic relays K1, K2), nine water level sensors (two of them - B8 and B9 - are located in the well, and the rest are in tanks to be filled with water) and a network source power supply (step-down transformer T1, diode bridge VD3 and filter capacitor C1). The choice of the tank and the level of its filling is carried out by the switch SA1.

In the initial state, the machine is de-energized. When the SB1 button is pressed, the primary winding of the transformer T1 is connected to a 220 V network, and the voltage rectified by the VD3 diode bridge is supplied to the machine. If the sensors B2 and B2 connected via the XP8-XS9 connector are in the water, a current flows through it and the ballast resistor R3, which opens the transistor VT2. As a result, relay K2 is activated and with its contacts K2.3 blocks the button SB1, and contacts K2.1 and K2.2 supplies mains voltage to the electric pump. At this time, the transistor VT1 is closed.

When the required (selected by switch SA1) water level in the shower barrel or irrigation tank is reached, transistor VT1 opens and relay K1 is activated. With its contacts K1.1, it breaks the power circuit of the relay winding K2, which, releasing, disconnects the pump and the machine itself from the network. If, before the tank or barrel is filled, sensors B8 and B9 are out of the water in the well, transistor VT2 will close and relay K2 will turn off the pump and the machine in the same way.

You can also control the device manually. This may be necessary, for example, to fill a bucket or other container with water that is not equipped with water level sensors. In this case, the machine is turned on, as before, by pressing the SB1 button, and turned off by the SB2 button, which breaks the circuit of the primary winding of the transformer.

Step-down transformer T1 - any with an overall (typical) power of approximately 7 V A and an alternating voltage on the secondary winding of 24 V. Transistor VT1 - any low-frequency pnp structure with a collector current not less than the operating current of the relay K1, VT2 - KT816 with any letter index or similar . Diodes VD1, VD2 - any series indicated in the diagram or similar silicon ones. Relay K1 - RES6 (version RFO. 452.103; winding resistance - 495 ... 605 Ohm, trip current - 35 mA), K2 - REN18 (version РХ4.564.509; winding resistance - 405 ... 495 Ohm, trip current - 35 mA). Of course, other relays with a nominal operating voltage of 24 V can be used, while K2 must have at least three groups of contacts designed to switch an alternating voltage of 25 ° V at the current consumed by the pump.

Simple machine for domestic deep water pump
Fig. 2

Sensors B1-B7 are pieces of stainless steel bar with a diameter of 4 mm. Their ends, 60 mm long, were bent at an angle of 90° (Fig. 2, a), flattened to a thickness of approximately 2,5 mm, after which holes were drilled in them and an M2,5 thread was cut for the connecting wire fastening screws. Sensors B1-B5 are installed in a row (Fig. 2,b) on a 100x250 mm polystyrene plate, fixed on the plastic cover of the shower barrel. On the plate, the sensors are fixed with a nylon fishing line with a diameter of 0,3-0,4 mm, for which holes with a diameter of 2.3 mm are drilled on both sides of their curved parts. The length of the sensors L (without taking into account the plate thickness tb of the cover t2 and the minimum distance A from the lower side of the latter to the water) is indicated in fractions of the maximum water level H. A five-core cable is used to connect to the device.

Sensors B6, B7 are fixed in the same way as B1-B5, at a distance of 70 mm from each other in the middle of a plastic plate 100 mm wide and 60 mm longer than the width of the rectangular irrigation tank. The length of the ends of the sensors protruding beyond the lower plane of the plate is 60 mm. To prevent longitudinal displacement of the plate, two strips are glued to it from below.

Simple machine for domestic deep water pump
Fig. 3

Sensors B8, B9 are wires 1 (Fig. 3) of a two-core cable 2, stripped of insulation over a length of about 4 mm and separated by about 40 mm from one another. To fix their mutual position, a plastic bar 5 of the appropriate size was used. The cable is attached with fishing line 3 to rope 4, on which pump 6 is suspended below.

The adjustment of the device is reduced to the selection of resistors R2 and R4 so that the current through the winding of the triggered relay exceeds the trigger current by about 20% (when using the relays used by the author, about 42 mA).

Author: Sh. Galeev

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