Biofuel: Theory. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources
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Recently, society has been facing the problem of alternative energy sources: solar energy, wind and water energy, biofuels, etc. The most promising of non-traditional energy sources are vegetable and animal fats, which can be used for biodiesel production (biodiesel).
Biodiesel already widespread in many European countries. At the request of the car owner at filling stations, biodiesel can be poured into the car tank both in pure form and as an additive (usually 5% - 35%) to diesel fuel.
The European Commission, in its communiqué, invited the EU member states to replace one-fifth of the oil consumed by the transport sector by 2020 with alternative fuels. From 2009, all countries of the united Europe will be required to produce and consume biodiesel fuel.
About 80% of biodiesel produced in the European Union is produced from rapeseed. The production of this environmentally friendly type of fuel in 2004 took about a third of the entire rapeseed crop.
Benefits of biodiesel
Extended engine life. When the engine is running on biodiesel, its moving parts are simultaneously lubricated, as a result of which, as tests show, an increase in the life of the engine itself and the fuel pump by an average of 60% is achieved.
Less CO2 emissions. The combustion of biodiesel releases exactly the same amount of carbon dioxide that was consumed from the atmosphere by the plant, which is the feedstock for the production of oil, over the entire period of its life.
Biodiesel contains almost no sulfur (< 0,001%).
Biofuel production technology
Biodiesel - this is nothing more than methyl ether, which has the properties of a combustible material and is obtained as a result of a chemical reaction from vegetable fats.
To obtain methyl ester, one mass unit of methanol is added to seven mass units of vegetable oil (i.e., the ratio is 7:1), as well as a small amount of an alkaline catalyst.
Diagram of the biofuel production process
The rapeseed enters the oil press, where the oil is separated from the rapeseed cake used in the feed industry.
The rapeseed oil is then transferred to an esterification plant. To obtain methyl ester, methanol (7:1 ratio) and a small amount of alkaline catalyst are added to rapeseed oil.
The esterification process takes place in a reactor at a temperature of 45...50°C for 80 minutes. As a result of a chemical reaction, methyl ether (biofuel) is formed, as well as a by-product - glycerol.
Publication: porzelack.com.ua
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