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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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IT grounding system. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Grounding and grounding

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IT system - a system in which the neutral of the power supply is isolated from earth or earthed through instruments or devices having a high resistance, and exposed conductive parts are earthed.

IT grounding system

1 - grounding resistance of the neutral of the power supply (if any); 2 - ground electrode; 3 - open conductive parts; 4 - grounding device; PE- - protective conductor (grounding conductor, zero protective conductor, protective conductor of the potential equalization system).

Publication: electro.narod.ru

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Yeast medicines 21.02.2022

Scientists have edited the yeast genome to produce a key ingredient in drugs for age-related dementia and Parkinson's disease.

Researchers at Imperial College London and the National University of Singapore have been able to turn friendly mushrooms into biofactories to produce a chemical compound, an alkaloid used in drugs for dementia and Parkinson's disease.

Today, this alkaloid is obtained from extracts of ergot, a parasitic fungus that infects wheat and rye. From 10 to 15 tons of compound are produced annually. Growing ergot in such volumes for medical purposes harms the environment. Therefore, the researchers decided to try an alternative method using yeast.

The scientists isolated genes from ergot and inserted many variations of them into the genome of baker's yeast to produce a cell that could make a key drug ingredient.

"Yeast has been a key part of human civilization for thousands of years, helping us bake bread and brew beer. But our relationship with this familiar microbe is evolving. We've been able to use fungal cells to act as miniature factories for producing drug precursors," says Paul. Fremont, professor at Imperial College London and one of the leaders of the study.

Baker's yeast was also one of the first cellular organisms whose genome was studied in detail. This made them an ideal model for genetic engineering. Using the same fermentation process used to make beer and bread, the modified yeast consumed sugar and produced about 2 mg of the compound in a 1 liter reactor.

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