Scheme of a single-phase signaling unit. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Scheme of a single-phase signaling unit. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrician's Handbook

The simplest signaling scheme, consisting of: two closing contacts of sensors, there may be more of them; relay or magnetic starter coils, it all depends on the operating voltage; signal lamp; closing contact of the relay or magnetic starter; signal or actuator, electric motor, fan, more powerful magnetic starter.

Rice. 1. Scheme of a single-phase signaling unit

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optical missile 28.09.2018

Scientists from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (University of Nebraska-Lincoln) used pulses of intense laser light to create bunches of electron plasma, which were then accelerated to a speed close to the speed of light. "These plasma clumps can be called an 'optical rocket' because of the enormous magnitude of the forces provided by the action of light on the plasma," says Professor Donald Umstadter. which affect the astronaut during launch into space".

The "optical rocket" created by scientists is not only a practical example of the use of the forces that light can act on matter. This effect can be used in the future to create new ultra-compact particle accelerators and devices based on them.

Under normal conditions, ordinary light exerts tiny forces on objects on whose surfaces it is absorbed, scattered, or refracted. One example of the use of the forces of light is the so-called "solar sail", which can be used to accelerate small spacecraft without using fuel for this business. However, due to the fact that the pressure force created by light is very small, then a spacecraft with a solar sail will accelerate to a high speed slowly and for a long time, over several units or tens of years.

But, when light acts on matter, another type of force can also arise. This happens when light has a very large intensity gradient, and such forces are used in optical tweezers, for example. But then again, these forces are of very little importance.

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