Conductor materials. General information. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Conductor materials. General information. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrical materials

К conductor materials in electrical engineering are metals, their alloys, contact ceramic-metal compositions and electrical coal.

metallic substances are conductors of the first kind and are characterized by electronic conductivity; the main parameter for them is electrical resistivity as a function of temperature.

Resistivity range metal conductors is very narrow and ranges from 0,016 µOhm for silver to 1,6 µOhm-m for heat-resistant iron-chromium-aluminum alloys.

The electrical resistance of graphite passes through a minimum with increasing temperature, followed by a gradual increase.

According to the type of application, conductor materials are divided into groups:

conductors with high conductivity - metals for wires of power lines and for the manufacture of cables, winding and mounting wires for windings of transformers, electrical machines, equipment, inductors, etc.;
construction materials - bronze, brass, aluminum alloys, etc., used for the manufacture of various current-carrying parts;
high resistance alloys - intended for the manufacture of additional resistances to measuring instruments, exemplary resistances and resistance boxes, rheostats and elements of heating devices, as well as alloys for thermocouples, compensating wires, etc.;
contact materials - used for pairs of one-piece, discontinuous and sliding contacts;
materials for soldering all types of conductor materials.

In addition to purely electrical properties, in order to carry out the necessary technological processing and ensure the specified service life in operation, conductor materials must have sufficient heat resistance, mechanical strength and ductility.

Author: Koryakin-Chernyak S.L.

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