Electrical materials. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Electrical materials. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrical materials

In the manufacture and repair of electrical equipment, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and various alloys are widely used. Black metals (cast iron, steel) are used as structural materials for the frames of electrical machines, tanks, transformer casings, bases, plinths, electrical apparatus and other components and parts.

Special electrical steels necessary for the manufacture of magnetic circuits, transformers and cores of electrical machines and apparatus. The industry produces a number of grades of sheet electrical steel, differing in magnetic electrical properties. A wide range of electromagnetic properties of sheet electrical steel is achieved by changing the content of the main alloying element - silicon, as well as by using various technological methods. Typically, low silicon steel has lower magnetic permeability and higher specific losses. But it differs by a larger value of magnetic saturation.

Low silicon steels it is advantageous to use for operation on direct current and low frequency alternating current at high values of induction.

High silicon steels are used in cases where it is important to have low hysteresis losses and eddy currents or high magnetic permeability in weak and medium fields.

Parameters of thin electrical steel are given in table. 1.20.

Table 1.20. Thin electrical steel

Ferrous and non-ferrous metals

Note. The total specific losses are given for the maximum induction values of 10000 and 15000 Gauss and a frequency of 50 Hz.

Widespread in technology cold rolled textured steels, which have higher low-field permeability and lower losses in the rolling direction than conventional hot-rolled steels.

Sheet electrical steel very sensitive to deformation. Cutting, stamping and other technological operations significantly worsen the magnetic properties of steel near hardening places. Therefore, products with a small width of plates (less than 30-40 mm) should, after stamping or cutting, be annealed in a non-oxidizing environment (or at least without air access) according to the regime: annealing for 2 hours at 750-800 ° C, followed by slow cooling (50-60 ° C / h) to 400 ° C.

Author: Koryakin-Chernyak S.L.

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