Mechanisms for electrical work. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Electrician

Mechanisms for electrical work. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electric installation work

The installation of electrical wiring and installations is associated with the performance of such labor-intensive work as arranging nests for hidden wiring devices in walls and floors, punching through holes, furrows, tightening wires into pipes, connecting cores, etc. These works are performed using means of mechanization.

So, holes are punched with the help of electromechanisms and pneumatic tools, which are equipped with drills (plates) made of hard alloys. Electromechanisms are produced for voltage of 220 V alternating current of industrial frequency and for voltage of 36 V with a frequency of 200 Hz. Electrified tools must be double insulated.

Pneumatic tools are relatively safe in operation and relatively small (up to 6 kg) in weight, but their use is limited due to the need to install compressors and lay pipelines for compressed air supply.

The following electromechanisms are the most common.

Furrow cutter - a cutting electromechanism consisting of an electric motor that is connected to an electrical network with a voltage of 36 or 220 V, a disk cutter reinforced with hard alloy plates of grades VK-6 or VK-8, handles and guide rollers to facilitate the movement of the tool along the surface to be treated and ensure a given depth processing. With the help of furrow cutters, furrows up to 10 mm wide and 20 mm deep can be made.

When laying wires on installation in pipes, you have to bend a large number of steel pipes, and then tighten the wires into them. These works are carried out with pipe bender - a mechanism designed for bending thin-walled pipes, which is a cast-iron plate on which two axles are fixed: one with a large gear and a groove sector, the other with a small gear. The small gear is rotated by swinging a lever equipped with a ratchet. A roller adjoins the stream sector. The pipe is placed between the stream sector and the roller, fixed with a clamp, and then bent to the required angle by swinging the lever.

This pipe bender is used on objects with a small amount of work. With a large volume and in the harvesting areas, a hydraulic pipe bender is used, which consists of a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic press equipped with a head with replaceable rollers and a replaceable sector. The pipe is installed between the rollers of the head and the sector, and then oil is injected into the working cylinder of the hydraulic press, as a result of which the plunger moves and bends the pipe.

There are hydraulic pipe benders for bending pipes with a diameter of up to 20 mm and another type for bending pipes with a diameter of up to 50 mm.

pipe cutter cut off the excess part of the pipe coming out of building structures - ceilings, foundations, etc.

The need for such cutting is dictated by dimensional deviations during construction.

The pipe cutter consists of an electric grinder and a body, inside of which there is a support with screw feed, an abrasive disc and a clamping device for fixing the mechanism on the cut pipe. The pipe is clamped between the jaws of the clamping device. The caliper is fed in and retracted from the pipe by rotating the handwheel.

For cutting pipes, the so-called Bulgarian. It differs from the described pipe cutter in the absence of a mechanism for attaching the tool to the shortened pipe, which makes the tool more mobile.

PRT serves for tightening wires into pipes with a diameter of 20-50 mm. It consists of a steel case, which houses the broach mechanism, jaws used to fasten the mechanism to the pipe, and a handle. To tighten the wires into the pipe, the PRT mechanism is installed with sponges on the pipe into which the wire must be inserted, and fixed on it. A wire is inserted into the gap between the rollers inside the housing and clamped with screws. By turning the handle, the wire is pushed into the pipe until it exits from the opposite end, the wire drawn into the pipe is fixed at the end of the wire and, turning the handle in the opposite direction, the wire is pulled out together with the electric wire.

For fixing various electrical installation products and supporting structures with dowels to concrete, reinforced concrete, brick and metal bases mounting gun. Parts and structures are fastened either by means of a nut screwed onto the threaded part of the dowel-screw driven into the base with a pistol, or by shooting the part to the building base with a nail.

The dowel hammers with a blow of a piston accelerated in the barrel when fired, a mounting piston single-shot self-cocking pistol PC-52.

The main parts of the pistol are the clutch and the box. The coupling serves to connect all the details of the assembly, to place the barrel and splitter in the front part, to connect with the tip. The box contains the firing mechanism. Barrels, tips, guides, dividers and pistons are interchangeable parts.

For the purpose of fastening, heat-treated steel dowel-nails DGP and dowel-screws fiberboard with washers for centering and fixing the dowel in the gun guide are used. At the moment of firing, the movement of the piston is retarded by the resistance of the dowel. The piston stops as a result of a stop on the head of a clogged dowel.

The dowel hammering speed is 60-80 m/s.

When fired at a fragile building base or when a too strong cartridge is mistakenly used, the piston is stopped by a special shock absorber, which prevents the piston from flying out of the pistol.

The pistol is taken by the clutch with the left hand, by the handle with the right hand, they are pressed against the surface into which the dowel must be hammered, and, without relieving pressure on the pistol, the trigger is smoothly pulled with the index finger of the right hand. After firing with a ramrod, the piston is sent to its extreme position and the pistol is opened, while the spent cartridge case is ejected from the chamber. If the spent cartridge case remains in the chamber, it is removed manually with a ramrod. If after the shot it turns out that the dowel is not completely clogged and part of it rises above the target part, a second shot is fired, in which a new dowel is no longer inserted into the gun.

Tongs are used to terminate conductive wires and cables with tips, as well as to connect them in sleeves by crimping. The pliers consist of a pressing part, a blocking device and handles. For termination and crimping of wires of various cross sections, replaceable punches and dies are installed in the pressing part of the tongs, corresponding to the pressed parts.

Crimping occurs when the handles of the tongs are compressed, while the punch and the matrix, compressing the sleeve or tip located between them, firmly connect them to the conductor.

Universal pliers KU-1 и combined pliers KN-5 - multifunctional tools. The former are used when installing electrical wiring with wires 1111V, APPV, APN, etc. They replace wire cutters, pliers, round-nose pliers and a fitter's knife.

KN-5 pincers when laying cables SRG (ASRG), NRG (ANRG), VRG (AVRG), VVG, AVVG, etc. Up to five operations can be performed.

Along with universal and combined tools, individual and team sets are used. For example, an individual set is a set of tools for thermite welding of aluminum conductors of wires and cables with a cross section of 16-240 mm, and a brigade set is a set of tools for mounting electrical machines.

Author: Bannikov E.A.

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