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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Internal sources of electromagnetic radiation. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrical safety, fire safety Certainly, electromagnetic radiation for the human body - a dangerous enemy; and the enemy, as you know, is easier to fight as much as more is known about him. What is the source of electromagnetic radiation in our homes? Scientists answered this question too: in our houses and apartments there are practically no household appliances around which a magnetic field would not form. The most dangerous in this sense are the microwave oven and the electric stove. Further in descending order: TV, lamp with fluorescent lamp, vacuum cleaner, heated floors, mixer, washing machine, iron, coffee maker. So, should you completely abandon household appliances and return to the Stone Age? Not at all, you just need to learn how to use it correctly and rationally place it in the apartment. After all, the adverse changes in the body are affected not so much by the magnitude of the magnetic field induction itself, but by the distance to the device that forms the field, and the duration of its use. Also important is the fact how exactly your wiring is arranged and how the conductors are placed when installing a heated floor. So, protective measures should be started from the very beginning: even at the stage of wiring. Install conductors (wires) according to the following scheme: from the electric meter, two wires (phase and zero) pass through the entire apartment and end with some electrical installation part (switch and socket); thus, the entire living space is enclosed in a ring, which is just not recommended. For indoor home wiring, it is best to use a double wire, in which case the magnetic fields that form around each of the cores will be canceled out by each other. The wiring route should not form rings and loops. But the safest is a three-wire wiring diagram in a grounded casing. How to choose a safe floor heating design? On fig. 81 shows two design options.
The first of these is the design of an electrically heated floor arranged according to a single conductor scheme; the magnetic field induction index at a distance of 40 cm from the floor in this case is in the range from 1 to 5 μT - the figures are prohibitive. The second design of the floor with electric heating is arranged according to the scheme with a return conductor; here, the same induction index can vary in the range from 0,15 to 1 μT. Undoubtedly, the cost of installing a heating floor according to the second scheme will be somewhat higher (especially when using expensive copper conductors). But an increase in the estimated cost by 10-15% for the sake of maintaining your own health and the health of your loved ones will not seem like an unjustified waste. Now - about household electrical appliances. If, when planning the interior, you arrange the places of your most frequent stay outside the risk zone of operating household appliances (for example, install your favorite chair or ottoman at a distance from the screen that exceeds the risk zone of the TV), then you can sufficiently protect yourself from the effects of magnetic fields, since for the boundary of the risk zone, the magnetic field induction does not exceed 0,2 μT. When determining the risk zone, the distance from the source of electromagnetic radiation is taken into account (Table 8). Table 8. Risk zone of individual sources of magnetic fields
At the same time, it should be taken into account that the devices used to determine the risk zone left the conveyors of the largest manufacturers of household appliances, at whose enterprises the level of induction of magnetic fields of manufactured products is monitored. Therefore, if your equipment was produced by no one knows where and by whom, then it (or rather, its placement) should be treated with great predilection. Another factor that must be taken into account when planning the interior is that magnetic fields are not extinguished and freely penetrate not only through internal partitions, but also through load-bearing walls. Therefore, before looking for a place to install a bed, sofa, etc., you should look at your neighbors - maybe they have a refrigerator right next to that wall. And of course, you can significantly reduce the electromagnetic background in the home, if you do not turn on several sources of the magnetic field at the same time. Some time later, after the studies of scientists on the effects of electromagnetic radiation on the human body were widely publicized, so-called devices began to appear in stores that limit the level of harmful effects of magnetic fields. I would like to warn against such "protection": firstly, such devices simply do not exist today; secondly, being electrical devices in themselves, they are also sources of magnetic fields. Author: Korshevr N.G.
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