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Safety in the operation of electrical wiring and electrical appliances. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrical safety, fire safety
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You can get an electric shock not only during electrical work, but also as a result of improper use of electrical wiring and electrical appliances.
In its most general form, safety regulations for the operational period can be reduced to the following general recommendations:
1. If all electrical appliances are turned off in the apartment, the lighting is turned off, the fuses are in good condition, but the meter nevertheless continues to wind up kilowatts, which means that the insulation is broken in the electrical network and there is a leakage of electricity to the ground. It is not recommended to use such wiring; it is urgent to call a master electrician.
2. It is impossible to connect a large number of high-power devices to the network at the same time (hence, with a high current consumption). If, when using several appliances at the same time, sockets become hot or fuses frequently blow, some of the appliances should be disconnected from the mains.
3. If it is necessary to install sockets in wet rooms (showers, bathrooms, kitchens), then three conductive wires must be connected to them; they should be placed at a distance of at least 60 cm from the source of moisture (sink, sink, shower, bath), and the contacts of plug connections in these rooms should be protected.
4. New electrical appliances must not be connected to the electrical network without carefully reading the instructions for their use.
5. If the instruction prescribes the use of the device only when it is equipped with grounding, it is forbidden to use the device without this.
6. It is forbidden to use devices that have broken cord insulation; it is also impossible to use devices, when turned on, sparks are visible in the case (Fig. 80).
Rice. 80. It is forbidden to use such devices.
7. Do not touch objects that have grounding (gas and water pipes, sewer devices), as well as metal objects, if an electrical appliance is plugged into the network in your hands.
8. It is forbidden to touch with wet hands connected to the electrical network devices, wiring devices.
9. Do not wipe burning or hot electric lamps with a wet rag (due to a sharp temperature drop, the lamp bulb may burst).
10. Do not allow moisture to enter electrical appliances; if this happens, the device should be thoroughly dried before plugging into the network.
11. Do not leave unattended electrical appliances connected to the network, especially heating appliances - electric iron, electric stove, heater. The exception is appliances such as refrigerators.
12. You should also not install heaters near flammable materials (the distance between them must be at least 0,5 m).
13. You can open the plug connections by holding the plug body in your hands, but not the cord.
Author: Korshevr N.G.
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