Types of electrical wiring. General provisions. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Electrician

Types of electrical wiring. General provisions. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electric installation work

Before talking about which electrical appliances are acceptable for domestic use, how they are connected to the mains, what malfunctions they may have and how these malfunctions can be eliminated, one very important condition must be met: the apartment or house must be electrified , that is, overhead power lines (power lines) should be introduced into the building, and electrical wiring should be laid in the building (apartment).

Wiring is a set of wires and cables with their associated fasteners, supporting protective structures and parts installed in accordance with the requirements of the "Electrical Installation Rules".

Electrical wiring according to its location is divided into the innerlocated directly inside the house (apartment), and externaloutside of it. External is called electrical wiring laid along the outer walls of buildings and structures, under awnings, between buildings on supports, outside the streets, roads. Depending on the laying method, electrical wiring can be open, passing along the surface of walls, ceilings and other elements of the building, and hidden, laid inside the structural elements of the building or its decoration.

exposed wiring make free suspension on the surfaces of walls, ceilings, on steel strings and cables, rollers, insulators, in pipes, boxes, flexible metal sleeves, on trays, in electrical skirting boards and platbands.

Concealed wiring they are laid inside the structural elements of buildings and structures (in walls, floors, foundations, ceilings, within attics). It can be made in flexible metal sleeves, voids in building structures, in plastered furrows, under plaster, and also be located directly in the monolith of the building structure, which is provided for by its manufacturing technology.

input from the overhead line (VL) of the power transmission, the electrical wiring between the branch from the overhead line and the beginning of the internal electrical wiring from the insulators installed on the outside of the building to the terminals of the input device is considered.

string called steel wire, stretched close to the surface of the walls, ceilings, to which the electrical wiring is attached.

Strip - a metal plate fixed close to the surface of walls, ceilings, to which wires and cables are attached.

Cable - steel wire or steel rope stretched between structures in the air, to which wires or cables are attached.

Box - a closed hollow structure of any section, in which wires or cables are laid. It serves to protect cables and wires from mechanical damage, it is used both in outdoor installations and indoors.

Lotkom called an open structure in which cables or wires are laid.

For residents of apartment buildings, knowledge about the rules for introducing overhead power lines into the building, about the rules for laying and repairing external electrical wiring, about the materials used in this case, will be redundant - concern for the condition and operation of this part of the power supply system is the responsibility of specialists from the DEZs, housing and communal services, housing and communal services, etc. It is enough to know the schematic diagram of the location of the internal electrical wiring, its possible malfunctions and the procedure for their elimination in order to cope with small, local accidents on their own.

Those who live in a private house, in a country house, in a cottage, or are just starting individual construction, should be well versed in electrification issues, because they often have to deal with the problem of laying external wiring (for supplying electricity to a rebuilt house, bathhouse, barn, garage, etc.). And even more so, the laying, operation and repair of internal electrical wiring should be under their jurisdiction.

Author: Korshevr N.G.

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