Installation of acoustic systems. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Speakers

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You bought acoustic systems (hereinafter we will simply refer to them as speakers), connected them to an amplifier, but there is no sound. What's the matter? And the fact is that the speakers are simply not installed correctly.

I've been doing (professional) acoustics all my life, so listen to my recommendations. It is desirable that your room has a rectangular shape. The best results, for most speakers, are when installed along a long wall. When placing speakers, you should strive to ensure that the sound is even, without noticeable humps and dips, by moving furniture and using absorbing (carpets, curtains) and diffusing (bookcases and shelves) surfaces. The bass should be clear, short and resilient, like a taut trampoline. Keep in mind that moving the speakers by just one centimeter globally changes the sound (I was convinced from my own experience). So keep it up.

The listening position should be positioned so that the speaker tweeters (tweeters) are at the same level as your ears (see Fig. 1). The correct positioning in height allows you to achieve a clearer localization of the sound. The sound of bookshelf speakers in the bass area will improve very dramatically if they are installed on special charging racks. Be sure to install floor standing speakers on spikes.

Install the speakers so that the distance between them and the listening position is the same (see Fig. 2), that is, to make an equilateral triangle, or a little further. Lay a carpet or carpet on the floor - this will improve the sound of the upper bass and mids. But do not overdo it, otherwise the sound will be dead and lifeless, like with an open window. Very good results are obtained when pasting the ceiling with cork or corrugated foam panels.

By changing the angle of the speakers (see Fig. 3), you can significantly improve the sound localization. Turn the speakers with their toes in and set them so that the axes emanating from the speakers intersect at some distance directly in front of you. How - would catch the sound in focus. Position your speakers as far away from walls and corners as possible. It is desirable that the distance from the back wall be different from the distance to the side wall. With the same distance to the walls, the folding of reflective waves is possible, or vice versa, their mutual destruction. As a result, the appearance of a hump or a deep failure of the "saddle" in the bass area and unpleasant mumbling is possible.

As A. Likhnitsky wrote (A / M No. 4 2001). We are not able to influence the low-frequency rise. By moving the loudspeaker away from the walls and floor, we will only lower the frequency at which this rise begins. But we have the ability to minimize failure. To do this, the dimensions X, Y, Z and 0,5d (see Fig. 4) should not be chosen equal to each other. The question arises, what does not equal mean? The answer lies on the surface. It is necessary to compensate for the saddle, which is formed due to the interaction of the loudspeaker with one imaginary source, by the fuzzy maximum, which also arises as a result of the interaction of this loudspeaker with another imaginary source. It is useful to make such compensation in each pair of interacting sound sources. As can be seen from fig. 4, for such compensation, among the dimensions X, Y, Z and 0,5d, it is necessary to randomly take two pairs and then set the ratio of the dimensions to 1,7 in each of them. In the listening room, this ratio can be determined at no cost (see Fig. 5).

After the loudspeakers are installed in the calculated position, it is desirable to clarify the free ratio between the dimensions X and Y (or Z and d) by measuring the total power frequency response of the loudspeakers, and even more correctly, based on an assessment of the sound character of the bass notes of the double bass and timpani.

And finally, I want to describe the point of view of A. Likhnitsky, about the location of the listener in the listening room. The listener should be at an equal distance from the speakers of the stereo system, and the angle between them (with the top at his head) should be from 50 to 70 °. In addition, it must necessarily be in the zone of balance of the amplitudes of even and odd, longitudinal, axial standing waves. I note right away that you will not get this balance if you try to sit in the center of the room, since there can only be zero amplitudes (nodes) of odd standing wills. The required balance must be sought by stepping back from the center of the room at a distance that is 10 - 15% of its length. The easiest way to find the place of this balance is by ear. Play a recording of organ music through the audio system, and by moving the chair you are sitting in back and forth, achieve acceptable articulation and ease of bass sound.

And most importantly, do not put stands and bedside tables between the speakers, if you still have a stand, then push the speakers forward or move the stand against the wall.

Literature

1. "Listening Room - Design Recommendations". A. Likhnitsky. A / M No. 4 2001.

Author: Nikolay Romanov; Publication: cxem.net

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