ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Trends in subwoofer construction using the example of 12-inch Audiobahn speakers. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Speakers Let's make it clear right away why Audiobahn and why 12-inch. In order of arrival. We first met the last line of the American company in Las Vegas at the exhibition of the best achievements of mankind in the field of consumer electronics CES'2001. From other "household" we, as usual, singled out the automotive and already in a narrower framework began to prioritize, talking about where mobile audio is heading. So, when the process of reflection reached such an important component as the "subwoofer speaker", the name Audiobahn was almost in the first place in the list of leaders and innovators. And here the point is not even that the Californians won twice at the last CES (although the competence of the jury and the correct choice are not doubt). But rather, the fact that the company's sub-bass speakers are in many respects a reflection of modern trends in subwoofer construction. That is why today we are meeting with them for the second time already on our territory. Now why only 12-inch. Well, firstly, it is generally accepted that the so-called "serious bass" begins with this size (although not without exceptions). Secondly, the Audiobahn subwoofer line has grown so much in breadth and depth that an analysis of all series and all standard sizes would take a lot of time and magazine space. In addition, they are trends for that and trends, in order to form an opinion about the general on the example of specific models. For the most specific and, if you like, iconic examples, we chose the AWT12 and AW1208X models from the same series that won awards in Las Vegas, but in a larger caliber. In principle, one can not pull with a general opinion, since it develops even with the most superficial study of the design and objective parameters of "audiobans". The picture looks like this: Audiobahn, among many, has set a course for extreme power characteristics and the same extreme sound pressure values, extracted from the very depths of the frequency spectrum, not paying much attention to the range that is outside the "responsibility zone" of the subwoofer. Hence the dominant design of sub-bass heads today, built on heavy-duty and super-rigid piston cones, oversized voice coils, huge magnets and incredibly wide hard suspensions. Is it inspired by the ubiquity of digital technologies in amplifying technology, the increase in the power supplied from it, or is it simply a reflection of the general desire for some kind of absolute, which is usually characteristic of engineering? Or perhaps dictated by the needs of the mobile technology market and the growing number of mobile cinemas in which the subwoofer plays a special role? Probably, both that, and another, and the third. Most likely, there is a fourth and fifth, but why should we delve into the reasons? It is better to deal with specific products, they are worth it. They cost not only "that", but quite impressive amounts in dollar terms. We (not on purpose, honestly) chose those Audiobahn speakers that perform in the expensive category "for $ 400" in their homeland. And if so, then we will make higher demands on them, they were the first to start. If subwoofers were evaluated by only one parameter - the intensity of the shine of the cases - then here, no words, Audiobahn would not let anyone go ahead. The mercenary Americans themselves have a stable expression "to look like 100 dollars." In this case, it does not work, since the order of the numbers is clearly not the same and the impression made by the appearance of the "audiobans" does not reflect. Almost all body parts are chrome-plated and polished to impossibility. And this is also a kind of trend: no matter what design the bass speaker is to play in, it must reach the consumer in all its glory. By the way, the elite Audiobahn heads come to the owner in a rather stylish wooden box. Compared to everything else - a trifle, but not without pleasantness. The AWT12 belongs to the same series as its smaller brother AWT10, which made it into the innovators list (we published it, you can check it out). The series is called the Linear Compression Subwoofer and combines extremely long-throw woofers with huge headroom and equally huge SPL values. "Long-stroke" is putting it mildly. The working stroke of the diffuser of the AWT12 is 20 millimeters in one direction! At the same time, the permissible power is 2 kilowatts! Where does what come from? And look at the suspension. He AWT12 occupies almost half of the usable area of the diffuser. In numerical terms, the width of the corrugation is 2 inches. Such a suspension, by definition, must pump huge masses of air and maintain the linearity of the diffuser, especially since it is made of polyurethane foam - a material that is considered more preferable than soft rubber in terms of ensuring the linearity of the stroke. The powerful double centering washer of a very large diameter also contributes. The whole design of the speaker is the height of solidity and reliability. The body is cast from aluminum alloy and plated with chrome. Moreover, the body is prefabricated: the connecting links between the magnetic system and the frame are six spokes machined on a milling machine, which are fastened with 12 bolts to the rim of the diffuser holder and to the lower magnetic circuit. Apparently, it was impossible otherwise, no glue could withstand seven kilograms of the weight of a double magnet. Well, it’s beautiful, of course, what is there. But the main surprise, or, in our opinion, a shock, is the flat, without a dust cap, heavy AWT12 cone, machined from an aluminum-titanium alloy. That is, everything - the method of manufacture, materials and geometry - is aimed at the maximum possible increase in the rigidity of the diaphragm and, accordingly, the reduction of non-linear distortions when working under extreme loads. Two kilowatts of power cannot be called otherwise, and the AWT12 can withstand them, if there were an amplifier of adequate abilities. Now this is not a problem in principle, besides, the dual voice coil is designed to operate the amplifier in 2 or 0,5 ohm mode, depending on the way the speaker is connected, that is, it has high power. The reel itself is 4 inches in diameter, which is twice the size of the standard caliber, which is to be expected, given the direct and obvious threat of overheating. Californians also approach this problem thoroughly, equipping the speaker to the smallest detail with a well-thought-out heat dissipation system with air filters. In any case, the design shows that the voice coil will not experience a lack of fresh air. A wide ventilation hole is provided in the rear magnetic circuit, and the coil is closed on the side with aluminum grids, which also do not interfere with the process of coolness. The AW1208X belongs to the PRO PRESSURE series and is somewhat different in design from the AWT12. But again, the layout of the speaker clearly indicates its propensity for gigantic power, high SPL values and feats in terms of cone travel. The basket, like the AWT12, is molded, which should ensure high speaker stability. The same thick (by the way, that's what is called - PHAT) 2-inch corrugation supports a flat, without dust cap, composite cone (fiberglass / cellulose). Accordingly, the Xmax of the AW1208X is similarly large - 20 millimeters in one direction. True, the AW1208X loses in power, which is limited to 1500 watts. But, as can be seen from the table, it is almost 2 decibels superior to AWT12 in sensitivity, that is, in theory, the signal will begin to be distorted at a higher volume. High sensitivity is the merit of the AW1008X magnetic system. It is even heavier than the AWT12 and much smarter. In fact, these are 8 magnets, each of which is composed of 4 ferrite beads. This whole structure weighs 8 kilograms and is located in a circle between the upper and lower magnetic cores, which are fastened together by 4 bolts. Practice shows that in this way it is possible to achieve a more uniform magnetic field and more linear oscillations of the diffuser. In addition, there is free space between the prefabricated magnets, which is by no means harmful to heat dissipation. The voice coil cooling system (again double, with an enlarged 3-inch diameter, the amplifier can be operated in 2 and 0,5 ohm modes) is again at its best. Traditionally, in the middle of the end of the speaker is a vent. On the sides, the coil is also open to all winds, and instead of the AWT12 metal meshes, there are 18 cooling fins - a different amplifier radiator has even smaller ones. Now you can also look at the Thiel-Small parameters. As can be seen from the table, both speakers are very rigid, the equivalent volume (Vas) of the AWT12 and AW1208X is 18 and 27 liters, respectively. At the same time, due to the fact that the mobile system of "audiobans" is very, very heavy, the resonant frequency (Fs) remains quite low - 29,7 and 27,2 Hz. This means that for normal working conditions they require very compact, somewhere up to 20 liters closed boxes. In addition, the low values of the total quality factor (Qts) of both heads clearly indicate their tendency to work in a phase inverter. In both cases, stunning SPL values are guaranteed. In the spirit of modern trends. Author: A. Krasner, 12 Volt; Publication: 12voltsmagazine.com See other articles Section Speakers. Read and write useful comments on this article. Latest news of science and technology, new electronics: Artificial leather for touch emulation
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