Lowering the temperature in the system unit. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Computers

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To reduce the temperature inside the computer system unit, you can set additional fansupplying cold outside air. There is a place on the case of the system unit - on the back wall there are the necessary holes below the exhaust fan installed inside. An additional fan is mounted outside. To do this, you do not have to open the case of a computer that is under warranty.

The main advantage of the additional fan is its independent power supply and automatic control, which allows it to work for some time even after the system unit is turned off. This makes it possible not only to significantly reduce the temperature inside the block, but also to avoid unsuccessful restarts of the computer after a "freeze" as a result of overheating. The additional fan, which continues to work after the computer is turned off, quickly reduces the temperature of its overheated elements, making it possible to turn on the computer again with minimal delay and continue working. The scheme of the additional fan control unit is shown in the figure below. .

Fig. 1

A decrease in the resistance of the thermistor RK1 during heating leads to an increase in the current flowing through the emitting diode of the optocoupler U1. As a result, the resistance of its phototransistor decreases, and with it the duration of the pauses between pulses generated by the multivibrator on the integral timer DA1 with the timing capacitor C1. Since the transistor VT1 is open during the pulse, and closed during the pause, the average voltage on the fan motor M1 and its rotational speed are greater, the higher the temperature of the thermistor RK1. Capacitor C4 eliminates the voltage surge when transistor VT1 breaks the fan power supply circuit. The brightness of the HL1 LED changes along with the rotational speed, which allows you to visually assess the fan operation mode.

The power supply of the device consists of a transformer T1, a rectifier bridge of diodes VD2-VD5, an integral stabilizer DA2, smoothing and filtering capacitors C2 and C3. An unstabilized voltage is supplied to the fan power circuit from the rectifier output, and a stabilized 9 V is supplied to the timer and other elements. The fan starts to work when the average voltage on it exceeds 4 V. The temperature at which this happens can be adjusted by trimming resistor R5. And the temperature at which (and above) the intensity of the fan reaches a maximum (usually 50 ° C) is set by a tuning resistor R1. These adjustments are interdependent and may need to be repeated several times to obtain a satisfactory result. A single-sided printed circuit board, on which almost all the parts of the fan control assembly are mounted, is shown in fig. 2.

Fig. 2

The KT829A transistor (it can be replaced with an imported 333) is installed without a heat sink, since the power dissipated on it is small. Analogues of the integrated timer KR1006VI1 - microcircuits 555 or 7555 from various manufacturers. Trimmer resistors R1 and R5 - SP5-3 or SP2-3, oxide capacitors - K50-35 or imported. The board, together with the T1 transformer (ALG12V500MA or TPP-114 2x6), the FU1 fuse-link and the SA1 switch, is placed in a plastic case from the power supply unit BP1. Thermistor RK1 is inserted through a hole in the case into the upper part of the computer system unit and fixed at a distance of 10...15 mm from the processor heat sink. The tests were carried out with an additional Corolful DC 12V 0,25 A fan. They confirmed that the average computer performance increased, crashes and freezes due to overheating of the elements disappeared, and the overall fan noise level decreased.

Author: V. Konovalov, Irkutsk; Publication: cxem.net

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