Conditional graphic and alphabetic designations of electroradioelements. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur

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Almost all UOS, all products of radio electronics and electrical engineering manufactured by industrial organizations and enterprises, home craftsmen, young technicians and radio amateurs, contain a certain amount of various purchased ERI and elements produced mainly by the domestic industry. But lately there has been a tendency to use ERE and foreign-made components. These include, first of all, PPP, capacitors, resistors, transformers, chokes, electrical connectors, batteries, HIT, switches, installation products and some other types of ERE.

Used purchased components or independently manufactured ERE are necessarily reflected in the circuit diagrams and wiring diagrams of devices, in drawings and other TD, which are carried out in accordance with the requirements of ESKD standards.

Particular attention is paid to circuit diagrams, which determine not only the main electrical parameters, but also all the elements included in the device and the electrical connections between them. To understand and read electrical circuit diagrams, you must carefully familiarize yourself with the elements and components included in them, know exactly the scope and principle of operation of the device in question. As a rule, information about the applied ERE is indicated in reference books and specifications - a list of these elements.

The connection of the list of ERE components with their conditional graphic designations is carried out through reference designations.

To construct conventional graphic symbols for ERE, standardized geometric symbols are used, each of which is used separately or in combination with others. At the same time, the meaning of each geometric image in the symbol in many cases depends on the combination with which other geometric symbol it is used.

The standardized and most commonly used ERE graphic symbols in circuit diagrams are shown in fig. 1. 1. These designations apply to all components of circuits, including ERE, conductors and connections between them. And here, the condition for the correct designation of the same type of ERE components and products is of paramount importance. For this purpose, positional designations are used, the mandatory part of which is the letter designation of the type of element, the type of its construction and the digital designation of the ERE number. The diagrams also use an additional part of the designation of the ERE position, indicating the function of the element, in the form of a letter. The main types of letter designations of circuit elements are given in Table. 1.1.

The designations on the drawings and diagrams of elements of general use refer to qualification ones, establishing the type of current and voltage. type of connection, control methods, pulse shape, modulation type, electrical connections, direction of current, signal, energy flow, etc.

At present, the population and the trade network use a significant number of various electronic devices and devices, radio and television equipment, which are manufactured by foreign firms and various joint-stock companies. In stores, you can purchase various types of ERI and ERE with foreign designations. In table. 1. 2 provides information on the most common ERE in foreign countries with the appropriate designations and their analogues of domestic production.

This information is published for the first time in such volume.

Fig 1.1 ERE graphic symbols in electrical, radio engineering and automation circuits

1- transistor structure p-n-p in the case, general designation;

2- npn structure transistor in the case, general designation,

3 - field effect transistor with pn-junction and n-channel,

4 - field effect transistor with pn junction and p channel,

5 - unijunction transistor with an n-type base, b1, b2 - base terminals, e - emitter terminal,

6 - photodiode,

7 - rectifier diode,

8 - zener diode (avalanche rectifier diode) one-sided,

9 - thermal-electric diode,

10 - diode thyristor, erasable in the opposite direction;

11 - zener diode (diodolavin rectifier) ​​with bilateral conductivity,

12 - triode thyristor.

13 - photoresistor,

14 - variable resistor, rheostat, general designation,

15 - variable resistor,

16 - variable resistor with taps,

17 - construction resistor-potentiometer;

18 - thermistor with a positive temperature coefficient of direct heating (heating),

19 - varistor,

20 - fixed capacitor, general designation,

21 - polarized capacitor of constant capacitance;

22 - oxide polarized electrolytic capacitor, general designation;

23 - constant resistor, general designation;

24 - constant resistor with a rated power of 0 W;

25 - constant resistor with a rated power of 0 W,

26 - constant resistor with a rated power of 0 W,

27 - constant resistor with a rated power of 0 W,

28 - constant resistor with a rated power of 1 W,

29 - constant resistor with a rated power dissipation of 2 W,

30 - constant resistor with a rated power dissipation of 5 W;

31 - constant resistor with one symmetrical additional tap;

32 - constant resistor with one asymmetrical additional tap;

Fig 1.1 ERE graphic symbols in electrical, radio engineering and automation circuits

33 - non-polarized oxide capacitor,

34 - pass-through capacitor (arc denotes body, external electrode),

35 - capacitor of variable capacity (the arrow indicates the rotor);

36 - tuning capacitor, general designation

37 - varicap.

38 - noise suppression capacitor;

39 - LED,

40 - tunnel diode;

41 - incandescent lighting and signal lamp

42 - electric bell

43 - galvanic or battery cell;

44 - electrical communication line with one branch;

45 - electrical communication line with two branches;

46 - a group of wires connected to one electrical connection point. two wires;

47 - four wires connected to one electrical connection point;

48 - a battery of galvanic cells or a battery;

49 - coaxial cable. The screen is connected to the body;

50 - winding of a transformer, autotransformer, inductor, magnetic amplifier;

51 - working winding of the magnetic amplifier;

52 - control winding of the magnetic amplifier;

53 - a transformer without a core (magnetic circuit) with a constant connection (dots indicate the beginning of the windings);

54 - transformer with a magnetodielectric core;

55 - inductor, choke without magnetic circuit;

56 - single-phase transformer with a ferromagnetic core and a screen between the windings;

57 - single-phase three-winding transformer with a ferromagnetic magnetic circuit with a tap in the secondary winding;

58 - single-phase autotransformer with voltage regulation;

59 - fuse;

60 - fuse switch;

b / - fuse-disconnector;

62 - connection pin detachable;

63 - amplifier (the direction of signal transmission is indicated by the top of the triangle on the horizontal communication line);

64 - pin of detachable contact connection;

Fig 1.1 ERE graphic symbols in electrical radio engineering and automation circuits

65 - socket for detachable contact connection,

66 - collapsible connection contact, for example, using a clamp

67 - contact of a non-separable connection, for example, carried out by soldering

68 - single-pole push-button switch with self-resetting NO contact

69 - switching device opening contact, general designation

70 - contact of the switching device

(switch, relay) closing, general designation. The switch is single-pole.

71 - switching device contact, general designation. Single pole two way switch. 72 - three-position switching contact with neutral position

73 - closing contact without self-return

74 - push-button switch with break contact

75 - push-button exhaust switch with closing contact

76 - push-button switch with button return,

77 - push-button exhaust switch with NC contact

78 - push-button switch with return by pressing the button again,

79 - electrical relay with make, break and changeover contacts,

80 - relay polarized in one direction of current in the winding with a neutral position

81 - relay polarized in both directions of current in a winding with a neutral position

82 - electrothermal relay without self-return, with return by pressing the button again,

83- plug single-pole connection

84 - socket for a five-wire plug-in connection,

85 pin connector coaxial connection

86 - contact socket

87 - four-wire connection pin,

88 four-wire socket

59 - jumper switching opening circuit

Table 1.1. Letter designations of circuit elements

Continuation of Table 1.1

End Table. 1.1

Publication: cxem.net

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