Compact radio control device Signal 1. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Radio control

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Which of the ship or car modellers does not seek to equip their brainchild with a remote control? But if you do not yet have experience in building electronic circuits, then start with the simplest - with one-command equipment.

To control the model, a small-sized transmitter is used, operating in the ultrashort wave range (28,0-28,2 MHz). Although its power is small, it is quite enough to control the model on land and on water within a radius of at least 30 m, and in the air - up to 100 m.

The transmitter (Fig. 1) consists of a high-frequency generator, made on the transistor T1, and a modulator, which is assembled on the transistors T2-T3 (according to the symmetrical multivibrator circuit).

Fig.1 (click to enlarge)

The generator in this circuit is powered not by a constant voltage, but by a pulsating one. The ripple frequency is determined by the resistance of the resistor R4, R5 and the capacitance of the capacitors C8, C9.

The transmitter is controlled by the Kn button, which opens the common power circuit.

The radio control equipment receiver (Fig. 2) is made on three transistors. The first stage is a super-regenerative detector based on the T4 transistor, which basically determines the sensitivity of the receiver.

Fig.2 (click to enlarge)

Tuning to the signal frequency is carried out by the L2C12C13 circuit. Capacitive coupling with the antenna - through the capacitor C11. Positive feedback is established by selecting the capacitance of the capacitor C15.

The low-frequency signal emitted by the resistor R7 is fed through the R10C18 filter to the input of the electronic relay. Its circuit, made on transistors T5 and T6, combines a signal amplifier and an electromagnetic relay. The collector current of this composite transistor (it is regulated by resistor R12) must be less than the release current of relay P1.

The amplified signal is rectified by diodes D1 and D2, operating according to the doubling scheme. A negative voltage is created on the capacitor C20, which is fed through the resistor R14 to the input of the electronic relay (to the base of the transistor T5). The collector current of transistors T5 and T6 increases, and the role of P1 is triggered.

The manufacture of the receiver and transmitter begins with the board. Cut out two identical blanks 45X65 mm in size from foil getinax or fiberglass. Using carbon paper, transfer the mounting pattern (Fig. 3 and 4) to the foil.

Ris.3

Fig. 4

In place of future holes, make indentations with a sharp core. The sections of the foil that should remain on the board must be painted over with nitro varnish, zapon varnish, bituminous or some other varnish.

First, place varnish points D 2-3 mm on all recesses filled with core. Be careful that the indentation is in the center of the dot. Then, with a brush or a match, draw connecting lines.

In our design, the inductors L1 and L2 are also printed. Performing the "drawing" of the coils, be careful. You can draw a spiral with a circular pen inserted into the leg of the compass. Semicircles are drawn from two centers located at a distance of half the pitch of the spiral. The width of the spiral turns is 1,5 mm.

After the varnish has dried, retouch the board, correct the "pattern" with a scalpel or a safety razor blade. Place the prepared board in a glass jar or a plastic bath with a solution of ferric chloride with a density of 1,3-1,4. To obtain such a solution, put 150 g of the reagent into a glass of water.

The circuit is completely processed in 45-50 minutes, but if the ferric chloride solution is heated to 40 ° C, the board will be etched in 10-15 minutes.

Remove the varnish from the finished board with a solvent, rinse it thoroughly first with cold and then hot water and dry it.

Now it remains in the places of the recesses stuffed with the core to drill holes with a diameter of 1-1,5 mm for the conclusions of the radio components.

Small-sized parts are installed in the receiver and transmitter of the radio control equipment: resistors of the MLT-0,125 or ULM type; constant capacitors of the KL, KT, K10-7, KM, KBM and K50-6 types, trimmer capacitors C3 and C13 of the KPKM type with a capacity of 4-5 pF or 5-20 pF. Deviations from the ratings of capacitors and resistors indicated in the diagram within ± 20% will not affect the operation of the units. Those parts that are selected during the setup process are marked with an asterisk in the diagram.

High-frequency transistors T1 and T4 - type P416, GT308 or P403 with a gain of at least 50. Before installing in the circuit, be sure to check their performance.

Low-frequency transistors T2, T3, T5 and T6 - type MP39, MP42 with any letter index.

Diodes D1 and D2 in the receiver circuit are of type D2 or D9, having a forward resistance of 20-100 ohms, and a reverse resistance of at least 100 kΩ.

The transmitter inductor Dr1 must have an inductance of the order of 8 μH. Any high-frequency factory-made choke will do, as long as it has this inductance. You can make a choke yourself by winding 0,5 turns of PEL-500 wire on the body of the MLT-90 resistor (with a resistance of at least 0,12 kΩ).

Receiver choke Dr2 - type D-0,1 with an inductance of 20-50 μH. In this case, 200 turns of the specified wire must be wound on the resistor body.

Relay P1 type RES-10 or RES-15. If you cannot get the desired type of relay, then any one will do, as long as it works by connecting a battery for a flashlight (KBS-0,5) and has a winding resistance of 100-300 ohms.

The transmitter works on a homemade antenna. It is best to make it from a piece of rigid bare wire D 1-2 mm and 500 mm long.

In order not to cause damage, bend the upper end of the antenna with a ring.

Receiving antenna of any type, at least 300 mm long.

Install all parts of the radio control equipment on the top side of the board. When placing parts, strictly adhere to the wiring diagrams.

In order to reduce the weight and dimensions of the transmitter and receiver, they are powered by batteries of the "crown" type.

See other articles Section Radio control.

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