Designs based on a computer mouse. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Designs based on a computer mouse. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur

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The so-called "mice" - an integral part of the modern computer. With the advent of new ones, old ones that are still functional, but morally obsolete, as a rule, are thrown away or gather dust idle in the pantry. However, they can be used without practically changing the electronic filling. It is quite easy to do this.

"RED EYE" TURNS ON THE LIGHT

You won’t surprise anyone with original light switches today, but the one below - from an optical computer mouse, in my opinion, is unusual and convenient in a city apartment for several reasons:

- firstly, the miniature mouse fits well into the socket under the regular key switch on the wall;
- secondly, direct contact with the switch is not required - it is enough to swipe your finger (or other object) at a distance of 1,5 cm from the "red eye" of the backlight;
- thirdly, the device initially has a trigger effect: once held a finger - the light caught fire, spent the second time - turned off;
- a response indicator is also provided - when you swipe your finger at the "backlight", it lights up three times brighter.

A simple current amplifier on a transistor with an executive relay in the collector circuit is added to the optical computer mouse so that the signals from the mouse control a lighting lamp with a power of up to 200 W (limited by the relay parameters) - more on that below. Since almost all computer optical mice are built according to the same scheme and principle of operation, let's consider one of them - Defender Optical 1330, shown in photo 1.

Designs based on a computer mouse
Photo 1. View of the Defender Optical 1330 optical mouse with the housing cover removed

Designs based on a computer mouse
Photo 2. The printed circuit board of the optical mouse Defender Optical 1330 from the side of the optical lens

Designs based on a computer mouse
Photo 3. RX-9 transceiver of a set of wireless keyboard and optical mouse

Designs based on a computer mouse
Photo 4. Installing a wireless mouse to guard the safe

Designs based on a computer mouse
Photo 5. Siren KPS-4519 as an audible alarm

The main coordinate positioning device is a microassembly with the designation U2 А2051В0323, combined with a photodetector (in one housing). From output 6 of this microassembly, pulses with a frequency of about 1 kHz are constantly received by the red LED, so even when the optical mouse is motionless on the table, a red, barely flickering "backlight" is visible. However, its value is not only to highlight the place occupied by the mouse - for beauty. The LED is a transmitter, and the microassembly itself with an electronic assembly built into its housing serves as the receiver. When light signals reflected from any surface reach the photodetector, the voltage level at pin 6 of U2 drops to zero, and the LED lights up in full force. It is this reaction that we see in a mouse on a computer table when we try to move it.

Full LED burning time is 1,3 s (if there are no longer mouse actions). One of the main parts of an optical mouse, oddly enough, is not electronics, but a plastic lens, curved under a certain radius (see photo 2), without it the mouse "blinds".

It is necessary to install the mouse in the wall niche under the standard switch in the assembled case, which securely fixes the optical lens from the base (substrate) side of the mouse.

When a signal reflected from an obstacle (your finger, palm) arrives at the photodetector, the level of the logical signal changes to the opposite on pins 15 and 16 of the microassembly U1 NT82M398A (and, accordingly, on pins 4 and 5 of the microassembly U2). Moreover, these are not inverse conclusions, but independent of each other. The signal change on them occurs depending on the vertical or horizontal movement of the mouse. The control signal for the actuator (low level changes to high, pin 15 U1 and pin 4 U2) is connected to the actuator, to point A.

The transistor opens and the relay turns on at a high logic level at point A. Diode VD1 protects the relay winding from reverse current surges. Resistor R1 limits the current in the base of the transistor. The relay can control not only a lighting lamp, but also any load with a current up to 3 A. The power supply is stabilized, with a voltage of 5 V ± 20%. The transistor can be replaced with KT603, KT940, KT972 with any letter index, and the K1 executive relay can be replaced with RMK-11105, TRU-5VDC-SB-SL or similar for an actuation voltage of 4-5 V.

Designs based on a computer mouse
Rice. 1. Current amplifier with an executive relay that controls the load in the 220 V network

Designs based on a computer mouse
Rice. 2. Scheme of the adapter for sound signaling the opening of the safe

The four-wire cable is partially soldered from the board at the junction with the standard connector and two wires are soldered (green and white to terminals 15 and 16 of the U1 microassembly from the side of the elements (not printed wiring), otherwise the wires will interfere with the installation of the board in the mouse case.

The initial wiring of the connector on the mouse board: 1st output - common wire, 2nd output - power "+5 V", 3rd and 4th - output pulses.

If the circuit and printed circuit board of your mouse do not correspond to the one shown in the Defender Optical 1330 example, it is enough to take any oscilloscope or logic probe (indicating at least two main states - high and low) and experimentally find points with a control signal on the board.

Any optical mouse for a PC will do, so it doesn't matter which connector is at the end of the connecting cable of a computer mouse, you still have to remove it. You can also use wireless mice (with signal transmission over a radio channel, for example, from the A4 TECH kit - mouse adapter RX-9 5 V 180 mA), in terms of positioning coordinates, they have the same principle of operation as wired ones.

MOUSE GUARD

Now a new wave of generational change of the widespread computer manipulator is coming: "tailed" (with wires) optical mice are giving way to their wireless counterparts. For example, the RP-650Z wireless optical mouse-manilulators complete with a wireless keyboard (with an ergonomic arrangement of the main keys and 19 additional reprogrammable buttons) are relevant. The Agilent Technologies sensor used in the RP-650Z mouse is the market leader in this sector.

The optical resolution of the mouse is 800 dpi - this is quite enough for good work. A radio signal transceiver and an AA battery charger with a quick charge switch are housed in one housing (photo 3). This unit connects to a USB port.

A4Tech marks its manipulators with an individual electronic code, thanks to which up to 256 manipulators or keyboards can coexist on one receiving channel. Such a technical solution narrows the data transmission bandwidth, but with a maximum reliable reception radius of 2 meters, this is not critical.

An unusual option for using a wireless mouse - as a signaling device for opening a safe, the operation of a washing machine and even ... a refrigerator is presented below. All of these options are based on the micro-displacement of the subject and even on the detonation effect. When you install the mouse on a metal door, you get a signaling device for its opening or impact (another use case).

I should note that a no less effective signaling device can be obtained if an automobile shock sensor is installed on the controlled surface as a mouse; it is also triggered by detonation or mechanical impact on the controlled surface, and its modern models even have several levels of sensitivity adjustment. In a computer mouse, this option is not, by definition, its first and main purpose, but this is not important; for we are considering an unusual application of it.

I installed an RP-650Z wireless mouse (A4Tec11) on the front wall of a safe that stores hunting weapons, although you can store anything in it (photo 4).

The safe is in a built-in closet (a niche in the wall of a city apartment); thanks to wireless technology, there is no need for wires. Within 2 meters there is a radio signal transceiver (see photo 3), which is connected to an adapter device (diagram in Fig. 2).

The pinout of the connector for the USB port does not differ from the above option. In the RP-650Z wireless mouse, the control signal (when the mouse is moved, the level in this model changes from high to low) is taken from pin 4 of a single UM1 microassembly (designation on the board). Therefore, in this case, a different current amplifier circuit will be required (see Fig. 2). Now, when opening the safe and even any mechanical impact on it (displacing the sensor-mouse by fractions of a millimeter), the security device will work.

As HA1, a sound capsule with a built-in audio frequency generator is used, it must be connected strictly in accordance with the polarity. Transistor VT1 p-n-p conductivity opens when the voltage at point A is close to zero, that is, at the moment the mouse is displaced. You can also use the KPS-4519 siren (photo 5), because with the 12 V power supply it gives a sufficient sound volume to be heard in neighboring rooms (more than 80 dB). It is necessary to connect the siren in accordance with the polarity (red wire - to the "+" power supply).

Two words about mouse pinning. On the lower part of its body, without closing the LED and the lens, a magnet is glued (from advertising fridge magnets). Now the mouse is securely fixed on any metal surface (refrigerator, washing machine, etc.). If you try to remove it, an alarm will also go off, informing the owner of unauthorized access to the safe.

Thanks to "wireless" the user has the ability to arbitrarily install the mouse, removing it from the receiver at a reasonable distance, without worrying about the connecting wires. There can be as many options for using this technology, and they are limited only by your imagination.

Author: A.Kashkarov

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