Power outage signaling device. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur

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In some cases, it is necessary to promptly notify the consumer of electricity that the mains voltage is turned off, so that, for example, he can start the diesel generator faster to maintain the temperature in the incubator or flood the "potbelly stove" if the heat in the garden house is supported by an electric heater.

A diagram of a simple network outage signaling device is shown in fig. 1. Its power is supplied from a transformer of a device permanently connected to the network or from its own transformer with a voltage on the secondary winding of 9 ... In the presence of mains voltage, the source maintains the battery GB15 in a charged state. LED HL142 green glow indicates normal operation.

A voltage of about 10 V from the power supply output through resistor R5 is supplied to terminal 2 of the DD1.1 element and disables the operation of the generator, made on the elements DD1.1, DD1.2. A high logic level from the output of the element DD1.2 prohibits the operation of another generator - on the elements DD1.3 and DD1.4. LED HL2 off. In this mode, the signaling device can be indefinitely long.

If the mains voltage fails, the device is powered by the GB1 battery. Diode VD2 does not allow it to discharge through resistors R2-R4 and the DA1 chip. In turn, the capacitor C1 is quickly discharged through the resistors R2-R4 and the LED HL1. As a result, the input 2 element DD1.1 receives a low logic level. The generator starts to work on the elements DD1.1 and DD1.2. Due to the asymmetry of the feedback circuit R6R7VD3, the output signal of the generator has the form of low-level pulses with a duration of about 0,4 s, following with a period of 3 s. The red LED HL2 flashes, indicating a power outage. The same pulses enable the operation of the audio frequency generator on the elements DD1.3, DD1.4, and the light indication duplicates the sound signal emitted by the piezoelectric BF1.

In this mode, the signaling device is able to work for several days - until the battery is discharged. When the mains voltage is applied, the device switches to normal operation, the battery is fully charged after about 15 hours.

The elements of the signaling device (except for the battery) are mounted on a printed circuit board (Fig. 2) made of one-sided foil fiberglass.

The board is designed for installation as C1 capacitor K50-35, C2-C4 - KM-5 or KM-6. Trimmer resistor R2 - SPZ-19a, constant - MLT. Diode bridge VD1 can be replaced with any diodes with a working current of at least 300 mA, diodes VD2 and VD3 - any low-power silicon. LEDs - any type of glow color indicated above. Transistor - any other low-power silicon p-n-p structure, for example, the KT3107 series. The KR142EN19A chip is interchangeable with TL431, K561LE5 - with K176LE5 or KR1561LE5. Rechargeable battery - 7D-0,115. The BF1 piezo emitter (other than that indicated on the diagram, it is permissible to use any other) is installed on the side of the printed conductors.

Before starting the adjustment, the slider of the resistor R2 must be set to the position of maximum resistance. By connecting a resistor with a resistance of 2,2 kOhm instead of the battery, you need to make sure that the voltage on it when the signaling device transformer is connected to the network exceeds 10 V. Set it to 2 V with a trimming resistor R9,8. Select a resistor R1 of such resistance that the current through the HL1 LED is 12 ... 13 mA. Next, you should turn on the device with a completely discharged battery for 15 hours. Then, instead of connecting a battery, a load resistor with a resistance of 51 kOhm is connected, the device is turned on and a voltage is set on it with a tuning resistor equal to the voltage on the charged battery [2]. This should be done 30 minutes after the end of charging, when the voltage on the battery becomes stable. This adjustment will provide a residual current through the battery of about 0,2 mA, which is safe for it.

Turning off the signaling device, make sure that it gives sound and light signals. If necessary, the duration of the flashes (and sound signals) is changed by selecting the resistor R7, and the period of their repetition - by selecting the resistor R6.

If, according to the operating conditions, a relatively short-term sound signal is sufficient, it is permissible to replace the battery with an oxide capacitor with a capacity of 1000 ... 2200 microfarads. Then, instead of the DA1 microcircuit, it is enough to put any zener diode at 9 ... 12 V, and to discharge the capacitor, instead of the R2-R4 circuit, turn on a resistor with a resistance of 22 ... 51 kOhm. LED HL2, resistor R8 and transistor VT1 should be excluded, since long-term signaling with the LED is not possible.

In the version of the device made by the author with a 1000 uF capacitor, the signal sounds for more than two minutes with a gradually decreasing volume.

Literature

1. Yanushenko E. Chip KR142EN19. - Radio, 1994, No. 4, pp. 45, 46.
2. Biryukov S. Charger with "adjustable zener diode". - Radio, 2001, No. 3, p. 57.

Author: P.Aleshin, Moscow

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