Registers. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur

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Several triggers can be combined into a register - a node for storing numbers with a binary representation of the digits of the digits. The main types of registers are parallel and serial (shift).

В parallel register on clocked D-flip-flops, figure 1, the code of the memorized number is fed to the information inputs of all flip-flops and is written to the register with the arrival of a clock pulse. The output information changes with the supply of a new input word and the arrival of the next clock pulse. Such registers are used in RAM systems. The number of triggers in them is equal to the maximum word length of the stored words.

Fig. 1

scheme serial register and a timing diagram illustrating its operation are shown in Figure 2. Upon the arrival of a clock pulse C, the first flip-flop writes the code X (0 or 1) that is at that moment at its input D, and each next flip-flop switches to the state in which before that was the previous one. This is because the signal being written travels from flip-flop input D to output Q with a delay greater than the rise time of the clock pulse (during which the write occurs). Each clock pulse sequentially shifts the number code in the register by one bit. Therefore, it takes N cycles to write an N-bit code. The diagram shows that the four-bit number 1011 was written to the corresponding bits of the register (1-Q4, 0-Q2, 1-Q2, 1-Q1) after the arrival of the fourth clock pulse. Until the arrival of the next clock pulse, this number is stored in the register as a parallel code at the outputs Q4-Q1. If it is necessary to obtain serial information in a serial code, then it is removed from the output of Q4 at the time of the arrival of the next four pulses, this mode is called the sequential reading mode.

Universal registers are very convenient, allowing both serial and parallel writing and reading. Such registers can be used as a parallel-to-serial converter and vice versa. For example, the K155IR1 microcircuit is a four-bit universal shift register, Figure 3. The register operates in shift mode according to clock pulses received at input C1, if there is a low-level voltage at the input. Input V1 serves to enter information into the first digit in this mode. If, however, the voltage at the input V2 is high, then the register performs a parallel recording of information from the inputs D1-D4 according to the synchronization pulses arriving at the input C2.

Fig. 2

Figure 3

Author: -=GiG=-, gig@sibmail; Publication: cxem.net

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