A little about circuit boards. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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A little about circuit boards. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur

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Having chosen one or another device for repetition and having carefully read its operation according to the description given, you can proceed to the selection of radio elements and the choice of mounting method. As a basis, boards made of insulating materials are used. But the methods of fastening parts and making connections between them may be different. Some of them will be discussed.

Having become acquainted with the description of almost any modern amateur development, it is easy to make sure that in most cases the installation of radio components is proposed to be carried out on a printed circuit board. It is, as already mentioned, a base made of insulating material (getinax, fiberglass), coated on one or both sides with a thin layer of copper - foil. By cutting grooves in the foil or by etching them, conductor tracks are obtained, which become connecting between the leads of the parts.

During installation, the leads of the parts are inserted into holes pre-drilled in the board, and then soldered to the conductive tracks. Foil material and this type of installation are not always available to novice radio amateurs. Yes, and with the inept use of a soldering iron and overheating of the place of soldering, the foil peels off from the material, and often breaks off.

At first, you can use simple and no less (and sometimes more) reliable installation methods. One of them is the use of a plate made of insulating material (textolite, fiberglass, getinaks) as a board with mounting tabs flared on it (Fig. 1). The conclusions of the parts are soldered to the petals, and only then the petals are connected to each other by segments of the mounting wire in accordance with the mounting (or circuit) diagram.

A little about circuit boards

This type of installation is especially convenient when prototyping (if there is no special breadboard) of the device, since it allows you to quickly change parts, working out or setting up some kind of cascades.

Instead of petals, hollow caps rolled into a board of insulating material can become reference points (Fig. 2). The leads of the parts and the ends of the connecting conductors are inserted into them, and then the connection point is soldered. Volumetric contact at the place of soldering provides a connection reliability greater than that of printed wiring. Holes are drilled in the board, usually at the attachment points of the part leads shown on the circuit board drawing in the device description. Connecting conductors can be placed on any side of the board.

A little about circuit boards

A simpler type of such installation is also possible - without reference points. Holes are drilled in the board into which the leads of the parts are inserted. And so that they do not hang out, they are pressed against the board, bending the conclusions from the back. For some elements that are difficult to press against the board (for example, transistors), the leads are bent accordingly on both sides of the board. Connections can be made both by pieces of mounting wires, and by the leads of the parts themselves, if their length is sufficient.

And one more type of installation - "on a cardboard" (Fig. 3). It is convenient when working out a variant of the location of parts, followed by drawing up a drawing of a printed circuit board and transferring parts to it. But it is likely that in this way you can only assemble the structure, select the operating modes of the transistors by changing the ratings of the corresponding parts, and only then install the board in a case of suitable dimensions.

A little about circuit boards

Instead of thick cardboard, hardboard, thin getinax, textolite or other insulating material is suitable.

Author: D.Turchinsky Moscow

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