Effective values of current and voltage. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Effective values of current and voltage. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners

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As you know, the variable EMF of induction causes an alternating current in the circuit. At the highest value of the EMF, the current strength will have a maximum value and vice versa. This phenomenon is called phase matching.

Although current values can vary from zero to a certain maximum value, there are instruments with which you can measure the strength of alternating current.

The AC characteristic can be actions that are independent of the direction of the current and can be the same as with DC. Such actions include thermal.

For example, an alternating current flows through a conductor with a given resistance. After a certain period of time, a certain amount of heat will be released in this conductor. It is possible to choose such a value of the direct current strength so that on the same conductor for the same time the same amount of heat is released by this current as with alternating current. This value of direct current is called the effective value of the alternating current.

Ammeters and voltmeters of the magnetoelectric system do not allow measurements in AC circuits. This is because with each change in the current in the coil, the direction of the torque changes, which acts on the arrow of the device. Due to the fact that the coil and arrow have a large inertia, the device does not respond to alternating current.

For these purposes, devices are used that do not depend on the direction of the current. For example, these can be devices based on the thermal effect of current. In such devices, the arrow turns due to the lengthening of the thread heated by the current.

You can also use devices with an electromagnetic system of action. The movable part in these devices is an iron disk of small diameter. It remagnetizes and is drawn into the coil through which an alternating current is passed. Such devices measure the effective values of current and voltage.

Author: Smirnova L.N.

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