Calculation of electrical circuits. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners
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The basis for calculating electrical circuits is the determination of the strength of currents in individual sections at a given voltage and known in advance the resistance of individual conductors. For example, take an electrical circuit, such as shown in Fig. 7.
Rice. 7. Simple electrical circuit
Suppose we know the total voltage at the ends of the circuit. The resistances R are also known.1, R2 ...R6connected to a circuit of resistors R1, R2 ...R6 (the resistance of the ammeter is not taken into account). It is necessary to calculate the strength of the currents I1, The2,... I6.
First of all, it is necessary to clarify how many consecutive sections a given chain has. Based on the proposed scheme, it can be seen that there are three such sections, with the second and third containing branches. Let us assume that the resistances of these sections R1 R', R". So, the entire resistance of the circuit can be expressed as the sum of the resistances of the sections:
R=R1 + R' + R"
where R' is the total resistance of the parallel connected resistors R2, R3 and R4, a R" is the total resistance of parallel connected resistors R5 and R.
By applying the law of parallel connection, one can calculate the resistances R' and R":
1/R' = 1/R2 +1/R3+ 1/R4
и
1/R" = 1/R5 +1/R6
In order to determine the current strength in an unbranched circuit using Ohm's law, you need to know the total resistance of the circuit at a given voltage. To do this, use the formula:
I = U/R.
From the above, we can deduce that I = I1.
But to determine the current strength in individual branches, you must first calculate the voltage in individual sections of the series circuits. Again, using Ohm's law, we can write:
U1 =IR1; U2 =IR'; U3 =IR".
Now, knowing the voltage in individual sections, you can determine the current strength in individual branches:
I2 = U2/R2; THE3 =U/R3; THE4 = U2/R4; THE5 = U3/R5; I6 = U3/R6.
There are times when you need to calculate the resistance of individual sections of the circuit from the already known voltages, currents and resistance of other sections, as well as determine the desired voltage from the given resistances and currents.
The method for calculating electrical circuits is always the same and is based on Ohm's law.
Author: Smirnova L.N.
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